A Study On The Concept And Influencing Factors Of Only-child Parents’ Old-age Responsibility

With the reduction of family size and the deepening of population aging,the phenomenon of aging,fewer children and empty nest is becoming more and more obvious.China’s traditional family pension function maintained by blood relationship is weakening.Compared with multi child families,one-child families no longer have the traditional family pension foundation because of the uniqueness of their children,which not only makes parents face greater pension risks,but also brings more support pressure to their children.The concept of pension responsibility of one-child parents is the basis for them to take measures to reduce their pension risks and solve pension problems.However,due to different birth years and growth backgrounds,one-child parents of different ages have different understanding and attitudes towards pension responsibility.If they systematically consider the pension problems of one-child parents,it may not only cause a waste of pension resources,It may also reduce the sense of gain and happiness of only child parents.Therefore,under the trend of the continuous expansion of the only child team,an in-depth understanding of the concept of pension responsibility and its influencing factors of the only child parents of different ages is conducive to promoting the effective allocation of pension resources among the only child parents of different ages,reducing the risk of the only child parents in pension,and has important social value and practical significance for improving the sense of acquisition and happiness of the only child parents.Based on the family life cycle theory,social support theory and intergenerational relationship theory,this paper constructs the analysis framework of the influencing factors of the concept of pension responsibility of one-child parents from the four aspects of personal characteristics,cultural characteristics,family characteristics and economic characteristics,and analyzes the distribution and difference characteristics of the concept of pension responsibility of one-child parents by using descriptive statistics and cross contingency table analysis,The disordered multi classification logistic regression model was used to test the main influencing factors of the concept of pension responsibility of only child parents of different ages.The study found that: first,the concept of pension responsibility of the only child parents of the three age groups presents different characteristics,but generally,the proportion that the pension is mainly the responsibility of their children is higher,but most of the only child parents believe that the pension should be mainly shared by the government / children / the elderly,and there is a trend of diversification of pension subjects.The specific performance is as follows: the only child parents aged 40-59 are more likely to believe that the pension should be mainly the responsibility of their children,while the only child parents aged 60-69,70 and above are more likely to believe that the pension should be mainly shared by the government /children / elderly,of which the proportion of only child parents aged 70 and above who recognize this concept is higher.Second,there are some commonalities in the concept of pension responsibility of only child parents in the three age groups.The main manifestations are as follows: the only child parents with agricultural Hukou are more likely to be mainly responsible by their children;The parents of only child with better health tend to be mainly responsible by their children;The higher the education level of only child parents is,the lower the proportion that they believe that their children are mainly responsible for providing for the elderly.Third,there are certain differences in the influencing factors of the old-age responsibility of the only child parents of the three age groups.In addition to the influence of registered residence,health status,education level and basic old-age insurance on the old-age responsibility of the only child parents of the three age groups,the old-age responsibility of the only child parents aged 40-59 will also be affected by nationality,marital status and family economic level,The concept of pension responsibility of only child parents aged 60-69 will also be affected by gender,political outlook and children’s gender.The concept of pension responsibility of only child parents aged 70 and above will also be affected by children’s gender and family economic level.On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper puts forward policy suggestions to advocate the concept of active pension responsibility of only child parents:first,speed up the development of elderly education and improve the cognitive level of pension responsibility;Second,strengthen the Pension Reserve and improve their pension ability;Third,the only child actively undertakes the responsibility of parents’ pension;Fourth,improve the relevant old-age related systems and policies;Fifth,formulate relevant policies to narrow the gap between urban and rural elderly care resource allocation.