A Study On The Repeated Adverbs Of "Zai" In Modern Chinese

The repetitive adverbs of "zai" in modern Chinese include "zai","again","again","again" and "zaisan".This thesis investigates the repetition adverbs of "Zai" in modern Chinese from three aspects: syntax,semantics and pragmatics,and analyzes their semantic evolution.（A）Syntactic features of repeated adverbs of "Zai"In affirmative sentences,when "zai" means already,only a few monosyllabic verbs can be used after it;when "zai" means not yet in affirmative sentences,there are many verb structures that can be collocated;"zai" can be used with the negative word "no" and "Don’t".Both "Zaici" and "Zaidu" are located before the verb,and the verb can be followed by an object or a complement."Yizaiai" can only be placed before verbs and prepositions,"Zaisan" can be placed before or after verbs,and before prepositions and adjectives,both of which can co-occur with "No" and "Don’t".（B）Semantic features of repeated adverbs of "Zai""Zai" can refer to repetition of an action,nature,or state."Zaici" and "Zaidu" can both refer to "the second time",and "Zaici" can also refer to "once again";both can represent the repetition of states and properties.Both "Yizai" and "Zaisan" can refer to repetition of actions,and "Zaisan" can also refer to repetition of states.The semantics of "Yizai + V" can not only emphasize the continuation and development of the action process,but also express the large amount of subjectivity.（C）Pragmatic analysis of repeated adverbs of "Zai"Both "Zaici" and "Zaidu" can appear in affirmative declarative sentences,and can be used in yes-no questions,rhetorical questions,and imperative sentences expressing "request".Both can co-occur with the word "ba",but not with the word "bei"."Yizai" can co-occur with yes-or-no questions,specific questions,and rhetorical questions,but generally not with optional questions;Co-occurrence of yes and no questions."Yizai" and "Zaisan" can co-occur with the words "ba" and "bei"."Yizai" can co-occur with a variety of complex sentences,and "Zaisan" can appear in hypothetical complex sentences,causal complex sentences and transitional complex sentences.（D）The semantic evolution of repeated adverbs of "Zai""Zaici" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty and was used before the predicate component to indicate the repetition of the action,and at this time it already had the adverb part of speech."Zaici" can also express order in ancient Chinese.It is a phrase that expresses the function of sequential order,and often means "third"."Zaidu" was first seen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was used after nouns as a predicate phrase;in the Northern Dynasties,"Zaidu" had the meaning of "second time" and had an adverbial lexical nature.In ancient Chinese,"Yizai" is a coordinating phrase,which is used in conjunction with numerals,indicating "the first time and the second time".In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the definition of "repeatedly" appeared "multiple times",and it had an adverbial part of speech.In the pre-Qin period,"Zaisan" was a phrase used in conjunction with two numerals,which could be interpreted as "the second time and the third time"."Zaisan" before the predicate component already had the adverbial part of speech in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty;"Zaisan" after the predicate component completely became a word in the Southern Dynasties,at which time "Zaisan" had become an adverb.