A Grammar Study On Arte China By Portuguese Missionary Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves

Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves（1781-1841）was a famous Portuguese missionary and sinologist in the 19 th century.In addition to his missionary work,Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves has been active in the field of teaching and has made invaluable contributions to the promotion of Chinese language education.During his teaching career,he has also published numerous Chinese textbooks and related research results.From these works,we can see Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves unique and innovative thinking in teaching methods.This paper takes the grammatical chapters in Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves "Arte China" as a case study,and through the comparative analysis of the two languages and the research from the aspects of content words,function words,word order and sentence structure,we can discuss some hybrid components on "Arte China".At the same time,it is also possible to speculate on the grammatical theories and viewpoints Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves used in writing this textbook.The first chapter will analyze the plural of nouns,pronouns,and verbs.Try to point out the reasons for translation errors and how Joaquim Afonso Gon（?）alves treats factors that are not in Chinese.The second chapter will study of function words,analyzing the parts of conjunctions,prepositions,and adverbs.Point out its inauthentic expression,and then the resulting hybrid components.The third chapter is the study of word order.Point out the influence of Western languages on Chinese,the missing elements in sentences,and the reasons for the changes in word order.Through the corpus study of "Arte China",the author hopes to make a breakthrough in the study of Chinese by Western scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and further explore the Chinese history and research in this period.