A Study Of Jin Zhijun’s Career As An Official In Qing Dynasty

The end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty is an important period of social and historical transformation in Chinese history.Under the dual impact of realistic politics and ethics,scholars can not help themselves in this historical vortex.They reflected the general characteristics of Han officials from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.However,because the hot spots of academic research tend to the famous scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties,their research direction has been limited to the perspective of "two ministers".Therefore,Jin Zhijun,who was an important political official in the early Qing Dynasty,but was rarely known for his literary achievements,did not receive academic attention.Jin Zhijun was forced to withdraw from the imperial court at the beginning of his official career in the Ming Dynasty due to the exclusion of the eunuch party.At the end of the Ming Dynasty,he was entrusted with the task of guarding the capital,but he was unable to recover the situation of Ming Dynasty.After the death of the Ming Dynasty,Li Zicheng’s brutal act of wantonly burning,killing and looting in Beijing,compared with the Qing government’s measures to pacify the people,let the people see hope in the war,and also attracted many literati to surrender to the Qing Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty.In the changing political situation,Jin Zhijun finally took the policy of "ten obedience and ten non obedience" as the condition of lowering the Qing Dynasty and began his official career.On the surface,Jin Zhijun’s policy of "ten obedience and ten non obedience" was the reason for him to compromise with the Qing government,but in fact it was the final benefit he could fight for for for the people in the late Ming Dynasty.Jin Zhijun was able to display his ambition in the Qing Dynasty.In the early Qing Dynasty,he frequently gave advice and got the emperor’s trust,which fully proved his extraordinary political ability as an able minister.For example,he put forward the policies of suppressing and pacifying the roving bandits,reforming the water transport system,and rectifying the administration of officials,which had a practical effect on solving the political difficulties and seeking the interests of the people.Therefore,Jin Zhijun played an important role in the early Qing Dynasty.In the smoke of imperial power and Prime Minister power,although Jin Zhijun made great achievements in the early Qing Dynasty,the emperor’s suspicion of him did not diminish.In this difficult situation,he is still justified in his dual status as a capable minister and a second minister.After the cases of Ren Zhen and Chen Mingxia,he felt that it was not easy for him to be an official,and then he resigned frequently to show his loyalty.Jin Zhijun’s way of being an official made emperor Shunzhi attach more importance to him.He was not only asked to write the inscription of emperor lie of Ming Zhuang,but also to write biographies for Princess Dong E.He not only realized his self-worth,but also gained self-protection.Jin Zhijun chose Jiangqing after the self balance of surrender and death.However,secular ethics has been condemning his defection.In fact,Jin Zhijun has always been depressed by traveling,trying to get spiritual relief by practicing Buddhism and Zen.From his historical evaluation and outing circle,we can find out his situation and psychological track.However,in order to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty,Emperor Qianlong classified Jin Zhijun and other Han officials as "Er Chen Zhuan",which directly nailed him to the stigma of "Er Chen".However,looking back at Jin Zhijun’s ups and downs in his life,we should review his historical position and try to show his real situation in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.In order to break the world’s preconceived view of "Er Chen",and from a new perspective of "non Er Chen",this paper studies the actual role of Han officials represented by Jin Zhijun in the political arena of the early Qing Dynasty.