Research On Negative Words And Related Structures Of Suining Dialect In Hunan Province

Negation is a grammatical category shared by human languages,and it is also one of the common grammatical categories,which has important research value.This paper takes Changpu(长铺)town,the representative point of Suining(绥宁)dialect,as the investigation point of dialect,and makes a systematic study of the negative words in Suining dialect,revealing the meaning and usage of negative words in Suining dialect.In order to discuss the similarities and differences of negative words in Suining dialect,this paper selects Huangtukuang(黄土矿)dialect(Xiang dialect)and Wugang(武冈)dialect(Gan dialect)to investigate and analyze their negative words,compares them with Suining Changpu dialect,and summarizes the similarities and differences of Suining dialect.At the same time,this paper also discusses and analyzes the fixed structure and comparative structure related to negative words in Suining dialect.The negative words in Suining dialect mainly include subjective negative words,objective negative words and imperative negative words.Among them,the subjective negative words include "mao(冇 1)","mao de(冇得 1","bu(不)","mao xiao(冇消)".The objective negative words include "mao(冇 2)","mao you(冇有)","mao de(冇得 2)" and "mao zen(有□[ts?n412])".The imperative negative words include "mao(冇 3)"and "mo(莫)".Among the subjective negation words of Suining Changpu dialect,Huangtukuang dialect and Wugang dialect,"mao(冇1)" occupies the dominant position,but there are some differences in the scope of use,"mao(冇1))" in Wugang dialect is the most widely used,followed by Huangtukuang dialect,and Changpu dialect is the least widely used.In the objective negation,the interaction between Xiang dialects and Gan dialects in Suining dialect makes Suining dialect have two kinds of combinations,"mao you(冇有)" and "mao de(冇得)",while Wugang dialect has only "mao de(冇得)".There are two kinds of imperative negative words in suining dialect,"mao(冇 3)" and "mo(莫)",while only"mo(莫)" in Wugang dialect.In addition,this paper describes and analyzes the fixed negative structure of negative words in Suining dialect,mainly studying the possible negative structure and the overlapping negative structure.There are four kinds of the possible structure in Suining Dialect:"de(得)V",“V de(得)”,“V de(得)O”,“V de(得)C”.Then "mao(冇1)de(得)V","V bu(不)de(得)","V bu(不)de(得)O" and "mao(冇1)V de(得)C"are discussed respectively.And there are two kinds of functions of overlapping negative structures in Suining dialect:one is to weaken negation,and the other is to strengthen negation.Finally,this paper describes and analyzes the negative forms of comparative structure in Suining dialect,and investigates the negative forms of parallel structure and contrast structure.Some content and form of the negative forms in the parallel structure will be converted to the contrast structure.In the negative form of contrast structure,there are negative comparative markers which are different from those in mandarin,such as "dang bu dao(当不到)","mao dang de dao(冇1当得到)".