The Negative And Negative Sentences In Xianju Dialect

Xianju dialect belongs to the Taizhou dialect,Wu dialect of Zhejiang province,and it is different from other dialects in Taizhou.It has special negative words and negative sentences.This paper aims to make a comprehensive description of those fundamental negative words and negative sentences.This paper is divided into four parts:the first part is an introduction,which introduces the objects,targets and methods of the study.This part also narrates the source of linguistic material,and generalizes the actuality of the research in negation.The second part describes and analyzes the negative words of xianju dialect.According to the inner structure,the negative words of Xianju dialect are divided into simple words and compound words.This part analyzes those words’ semantic function and syntactic function.Fundamental negative words in Xianju dialect consists of monosyllabic negative words "弗(勿)","没","呒" and complex negative words“覅”，“(?)”，“甮”，“孬”，“朆”“弗(勿)”mainly negates predicate elements,which negates subjective desire or feeling.And it also be used to deny certain behavior,nature and status.It is equivalent to“不”in common speech of the Chinese language“阮”formerly negates substantive elements,which negates existence or possession.Under the influence of Mandarin,“没”comes into being.It negates predicate elements,which means the action and state is unchanged.Later the meaning and the usages of those two words have overlapping.And now they are almost the same.They are equivalent to“没”in common speech of the Chinese language.“弗(勿)”and“要”，“会”，“用”，“好”，“曾”compose the complex negative words“覅”,“(?)”,“甮”，“孬”,“朆”.There are 13 compound words in common use in Xianju dialect,such as“覅咯/开”,“弗用/甮用”,“弗得”,“弗着”,“弗过”,“弗晓得”,“勿识”,“勿知”,“勿是”,“呒告”,“呒得”,“呒告得”,“呒处”and the like.The third part mainly describes the negative expression of Xianju dialect.It describes two forms of negation,the individual use and the iterative use of negative words firstly.And then analyzes the special negative sentences of Xianju dialect.Simple words like“弗”,“(?)”,“甮”and"韵”,and compound words like“弗得”,“弗晓得”,“勿识”，“勿是”have individual use.Among them,the pure negative words can use alone directly,and they also can use alone after overlapping.But the compound words can only use alone directiy.The individual use of negative words includes two situations such as being used as independent sentences and being in initial sentence.Negative words which are used as independent sentences show negative attitude directly,so they express a negative attitude more powerful than others.Negative words which are followed by a sentence show negative attitude firstly,then give rise below.There are three kinds of iterative use of negative words,one is fixed usage,one kind is two negative words co-occurrence,one of which is used as a interrogative,one is double negative which has"negative word + negative word + X = X" and "negative word + X1 + negative word + X2=X1 X2" two situations,with the latter is in the majority in Xianju dialect.Half-copy structure "X 得 Neg+X" can intensify negative mode in Xianju dialec.When the X is monosyllabic verb or adjective,there are "V 得弗 V","V 得没/阮+V","V 得(?)+V/A 得(?)+A","V 得甮 V","V 得孬+V" and "V 得朆+v" six formats.When the X is polysyllabic word,there are "V 得 V 弗 C" and "V 得呒 VC" two formats.Xianju dialect also use repeatedly structure frequently,of which is the most common in interrogative sentences.The fourth part is the conclusion part,it summarizes the main content of this article,and points out deficiencies existing in this paper.