| Because Chinese lacks morphological inflection in the strict sense,prepositions play an important role in the structure of Chinese grammar.Prepositions in modern Chinese is a relatively closed class,prepositions also occupy an extremely important position in the grammar system.Meanwhile,prepositions are also an indispensable grammatical category in most languages.Syntactically,although prepositions cannot be used alone,the prepositional phrases formed by them have a variety of functions,they can act as adverbial,attributive,or complement and so on;Semantically,the main role of prepositions is to introduce indirect arguments other than direct arguments of the core predicates.There are a variety of semantic components,such as space,time,dependence,basis,tools,materials,methods,reasons,purposes and directions.For the study of prepositions and their prepositional phrases,the focus is mainly on affirmative research,although there are also studies on its negative aspects,more comprehensive and systematic discussions are still rarely seen.Based on the Chinese facts,this dissertation makes a comprehensive study on the negation of modern Chinese prepositional structures,describes their syntactic and semantic attributes,and explores pragmatic and cognitive characterization.The full text is divided into ten chapters except the introduction and conclusion.The first chapter is to study the word order pattern and function of the negative word "bu" in the structure"he NP2 VP" which is composed of"he NP2" .The article points out that the order of "bu" floats can be divided into free choice and restricted entry according to the semantic features of the core predicate "VP" ,and then from the semantic point of view,the article studies the width of the negative scope and the selection of negative focus which is caused by the change of the syntax position of the negative word.In the last,the article also talks about the pragmatic functions and discourse functions of the two different negative word order sequences.The second chapter studies the restrictive conditions of the negative word"bu" floating in the "he" prepositional phrases.The article points out that the floating of"bu" in the "he" prepositional phrases can be divided into mandatory word order and selective word order according to the mandatory or not.The restrictive conditions of "bu" floating in the "he" prepositional phrases have both internal language constraints and external language factors.The third chapter studies the two modes of the negative word "bu" in the phrase "dui NP2 VP" which is composed of"dui NP2" .The article talks about the distribution of "bu" in the structure"dui NP2 VP" ,and explains the different information functions and focus selections caused by the floating of"bu" from the perspective of semantic function.In the last,the article also studies some relevant research about pragmatics and discourses.The fourth chapter expounds the word order pattern of "bu" in "ba NP2 VP" ,and points out the semantic attributes of the prepositional object,the morphological characteristics of the predicate,the blocking effect of the adverb and the embedded depth of "bu" and other syntactic and semantic elements can affects the floating of "bu" ,and the article then explains the development trend of the two order from the perspective of diachronic statistical analysis.The fifth chapter studies the combination of the negative word "bu" with "an" prepositions,and then studies the syntactic and semantic properties of "NP1" ,"NP2" and"VP" ,and also analyzes the syntactic function of "NP1 bu an NP2VP" ,and finally determines the order of "an" prepositions is only"NP1 bu an NP2VP" from the closeness of the structure,the differences of word class between the word "an" and the characteristic of adverbial adverbials.The article then examines the commonalities and differences between "NP1 bu an NP2VP" with its affirmative form in cognitive functions,image schema,and transitivity functions,textual functions and so on.The sixth chapter studies the combination of the negative words"bu" with "xiang" prepositions,and analyzes the semantic attributes of each components,then talks about the negative functions and cognitive functions such as negative scope and negative focus,in the last discusses the replacement and use between"chao∕xiang∕wang" which depends on commonalities and internal differences.The seventh chapter is based on the negative word "bu" floating on the preposition"he、dui、ba" ,and summarizes the constraints that allow the negative word "bu" to float before and after the prepositional phrase.The study finds that the restrictive conditions of"bu" floating have both syntactic,semantic and pragmatic.Different constraints have different effects on the"bu" floating.The eighth chapter mainly talks about the grammatical differences of the core predicates and the influence of the floating of "bu" from the perspective of the realis and irrealis modalities.The ninth chapter mainly uses the theory of transitivity to investigate the transitiveness of the negative structure "NP+bu+PP+VP" and"NP+PP+bu+VP" ,and establishes the gradient of the transitivity,and finally talks about their discourse functions in detail.The tenth chapter mainly studies the influence of the floating of the negative words from the perspective of the diachronic grammaticalization of prepositions and the extended function of synchronicity.The grammatical degree of preposition and the degree of structural constructionalization are higher,the order of "bu" is more fixed,which is before the prepositional phrase.Whether the negative words can float or not is also related to the semantic closeness of the prepositional phrase with the core predicate.The more the prepositional phrase is in the inner layer,the stronger the semantic binding force is,and the negative words can only be used precedingly.The last part of the dissertation is the conclusion and the remainder,where we summarize the basic ideas and main achievements of this dissertation,and think about the related deficiencies and limitations. |
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