The Research Of Xu Zhiheng’s Opera Theory

Xu Zhiheng is a famous scholar in the evening.He has rich life experience and many works,especially in the field of traditional opera research status is no less than Wang Guowei,Wu Mei and others.The basic outline of Xu zhiheng’s life is relatively clear,but there are still some problems to be clarified,especially about his separation and pseudonyms,tenure,and travel issues.After consulting literature,the author found that "keep white,cold" not xu don’t,but with xu hometown Cai Zhaohua,and "Xu ShouWei" is a pseudonym,thus,the quintessence in European "local autonomy" ancient politics today righteousness essay " and so on xu in political,cultural,economic materials was further added.Xu’s life tenure experience is relatively rich,but his predecessors are not clear.After research,since he was born in 1903,he served as an editor of ShiMin newspaper,then in 1909,he served as a model Gao Xiao president in 1909,and after he resigned as an inspector of official education institutions.In 1912,Xu Zhiheng came to Beijing and was invited by Mr.Xie Mengbo to compile by the Ministry of Rural Commerce.In 1922,before Mr.Wu Mei went south,he recommended Xu Zhiheng to Peking University to replace his teaching position.In the autumn of 1923,Xu Zhiheng officially entered the forum of Peking University.For the following ten years,Xu Zhiheng remained at Peking University until around April 1934,when Xu left the platform of Peking University,influenced by Jiang Menglin and Hu Shi’s "Reform Plan of the Department of Chinese Culture".In addition to his tenure at Peking University,Xu also taught opera at Beijing Women’s Arts and Sciences College,Furen University and Yenching University,according to relevant records.Xu Zhiheng’s life of the travel scope is relatively broad,many friends.Drama friends are Wu Mei,Wang Jilie,Li Xuanti,Liu Fuliang,Mei Lanfang,Liu Xikui,there are dozens of friends,such as Deng Erya,Zhang Xilin,Zeng Jing,Mao Guangsheng,Xia Sutong,Zhu Zumou,Xia Chengtao,Zhou Yi;fellow friends besides Deng Erya,there are Huang Wen,Luo Gong,Chen Dawei.Xu’s theoretical achievements in music learning were very outstanding in the music circle in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.As a pioneer of Chinese classical opera research in the new century,Xu Zhiheng is still one of the few scholars who set theoretical research and drama creation.His two most important theoretical works are "Qu Yi Zhi" and "The Source of Opera"."Qu Lv Yi Zhi" is a theoretical work of qu Lv theory written by Xu Zhi Heng and Wu Mei and other friends before joining Peking University,while "The Source of Opera" was published later,about after 1929.Xu Zhiheng discussed many core problems of music law in the book of music,which can be seen from the chapters and the setting of the book.The book consists of 12 chapters,divided into:introduction,the style,the northern song tune（with the north and south sets）,the southern song tune,the introduction,the rhythm,the thickness,the arrangement,the tone,the collocation,the rhyme line,the theory.Xu not only from the micro study the use of the lead,the thickness of the nature,the rhyme,rhythm,plate,tone,on the basis of micro research,from the perspective of the overall layout,macro care put forward the field theory,he thinks many content of the law is in fact to present a perfect work from the whole.Therefore,such as the choice of palace tune,the use of north and south sets,the rhythm of the song,the use of thick and fine songs and other problems are all related to ostentation,the relationship between them is the whole and the local,but the overall is not a simple overlap of the local,the two are interrelated and different from each other.Xu Zhiheng’s "arrangement theory" has a great influence in the opera circle late on.Later,many scholars such as Wu Mei,Wang Jilie,Zhang Qinghui and even the famous contemporary Taiwan opera scholar Zeng Yongyi continued to play under the basic framework established by Xu Zhiheng,making it gradually rich and complete.The book " The Source of Opera is a monograph of Xu Zhiheng on the development history of opera.He first discussed the Origin of Opera in the first chapter of opera,believing that singing and dancing in ancient times opened the end of later operas,and singing and dancing originated from music officials.In addition,on the core elements of opera,the view is similar to Wang Guowei:"He who contains stories and singing and dancing is the first of today’s drama".As for the development process of opera,Xu Zhiheng put forward the theory of "four-paragraph style":opera originated in ancient songs and dances and developed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties,became mature in opera in the Song and Yuan dynasties,and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Although as a general history of opera,"opera flow" is very brief,but its comb,academic,mirror flow,can see the ancient books about opera records classification and induction,analysis and textual research,trying to use modern academic methods to establish a Chinese opera history of macro architecture,in affirming its ambition and drive at the same time can’t ignore the value of the guide."Ni Cang Yan" is a legendary script created by Xu Zhiheng before joining Peking University.It was written from 1914 to 1922 when he went to Beijing and communicate with Wu Mei and other scholars.At present,he can see in 1922.Xu Zhiheng’s opera creation and his theoretical study of qu science complement each other.His "calligraphy","and the use of the palace and the north and south" should be deeply and clearly reflected in the theory of the thickness of the works.In addition,Xu Zhiheng has made outstanding achievements in the collection of opera scripts.During his time in Beijing,he devoted himself to collecting and transcribing traditional opera scripts,and enjoyed them.Xu often in its copy of the text before or after leaving a postscript or inscription,in such a short text,xu or explain yourself before and after the script,or the origin and research plot,with the original history of the life,related version of the author,and the palace tune,card,the theory of the argument,has important theoretical value.As one of the few scholars integrating music science research and opera creation recently,Xu Zhiheng occupied a certain position in the music circle in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Many theories of curology proposed by him are profound and creative new,and have great research value and enlightening significance,and should be valued by scholars.The study of Xu and his theories can not only help us understand the academic ecology of music research in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,but also have an important reference significance for modern scholars to deeply study traditional opera and create opera script.