A Study On The Social And Historical Thoughts In Kautsky’s "Materialistic View Of History"

Karl Kautsky is a Social Democratic activist and one of the important leaders of the Second International.He has a unique position in the development of Marxism,but at the same time,he is also one of the most controversial Marxists.Kautsky was not a Marxist at the beginning.He only re-understood and moved towards Marxism after graduating from university.He also received the direct guidance of Engels,one of the founders of Marxism,so his theory won the Second International.Wide attention from theorists.In his later years,Kautsky devoted himself to the book "The Materialist View of History",which embodies all his decades of understanding of the materialist view of history in this book,in which he first discussed materialism The theoretical basis of the view of history clarifies the relationship between the spirit and the world,strictly distinguishes the materialist view of history from other materialism and idealism,and refutes Bernstein and others’ expositions on Marxism.Then,he elaborated on the research object of historical materialism,that is,"real people",and incorporated relevant theories of ethics in it as a supplement to the historical materialistic view.Later,he explored the state and social classes that are different from the primitive classless society,put forward views on the emergence,development,and demise of the state and class,and reinterpreted Marx and Engels’ theory of the demise of the state,thinking that the demise of the state is very great.To a certain extent,it can be seen as a transformation of state functions.In these theories of Kautsky,it is not difficult to see the shadow of his Darwinism,but it cannot completely deny all of his theories.He has made certain contributions to the expansion of Marxist philosophy in the interdisciplinary fields and so on.This article focuses on the above topics and discusses the following contents:one is to explore the research objects of Kautsky’s materialistic view of history,and to study the theoretical basis of Kautsky’s "Materialistic View of History";the other is from Kautsky’s The ethics part is explored in the discussion of the historical development of human society;the third is to explore the law of the development of human society’s history through the discussion of the evolution of the country and class in the "Materialistic View of History";the fourth is an objective and comprehensive analysis.Contributions and defects of "Material View of History" to Marxist philosophy.