A Study On The Frames Of William H.McNeill’s Historiographical Thoughts

William McNeill is a famous scholar of world history in the United States.His research on world history plays an important role in promoting the development of macroscopic interpretation of world history.The purpose of this paper is to discuss MacNeill’s new civilization-centered system for promoting the study of world history,including its initial framework,subsequent complements in the aspects of microparasitism,macroparasitism,the supplement of civilization exchange and the network representation of civilization exchange,as well as McNeill’s idea of balance of contradictions.To deepen the understanding of the study of world history through the combing of McNeill’s thought frame of historiography.This paper consists of three parts.The first part is the introduction.According to the materials collected by the author,the author sorts out the research status at home and abroad,and expounds the general situation of the research on McNeill’s historical thoughts.The second part is the main body of the thesis,mainly explaining the new system of civilization as the center,micro parasitism,giant parasitism,the supplement of civilization exchange and the network form of civilization exchange,and McNeill’s idea of contradiction balance.First,civilization-centered system.It is McNeill’s new attempt to explain history on the basis of criticizing the previous generation,which constructs his own world system around the emergence,development and exchange of civilization.Second,microparasitism.Mc Neill also sees microorganisms as a stabilizing influence on human society,revealing the stable and expanding dynamics of human society through the unbalanced movement of the balance between microparasites and human hosts.Third,giant parasitism.The twin concept of microparasitism is mainly used to explain the history of the close relationship between politics,military and economy in human society,and to explore the drastic changes in human society caused by the evolution of weapons.Fourth,complementarity of exchanges among civilizations.Starting from a more abstract level,McNeill added some anthropological concepts to the mode of civilization communication and summarized the general laws of civilization communication.Fifth,the concrete form of the network of civilization exchanges.Inspired by the modern Internet,McNeill visualizes the exchange of civilizations as a network.Which more vividly illustrates the interlocking state of the exchanges of civilizations.Sixth,McNeill’s thought of contradiction balance.In the process of writing history.McNeill consciously or unconsciously,portrays history as a repeated movement of balance-a state of imbalance,and emphasizes the importance of the struggle between civilization and barbarism as a counterparty to social development.The third part is the conclusion,which summarizes the ideological framework of McNeill’s historiography and emphasizes that the new system of explaining world history created by McNeill is of great reference value to the study of contemporary world history and global history.