Research On Hunan Army In The New Deal Period Of The Late Qing Dynasty

After the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and the outbreak of the Yihetuan Movement,the late Qing Dynasty was deeply trapped in internal and external difficulties.In order to maintain the shaky rule and promote the further transformation of the late Qing society,the Qing government decided to carry out the New Deal in the whole country.Militarily,the Qing government rectified and reformed the old army,and urged the formation and training of the new army throughout the country,in order to improve the military combat effectiveness,in an attempt to reverse China’s weak position in international competition.Before the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,the Hunan Army consisted of green battalions,training troops and defensive troops.However,the development of the army before the New Deal had many shortcomings,such as the disorder of the battalion system,the backward military education,the backward weapons and equipment,the failure of the unified dispatch of the national army due to the returning soldiers,and the corruption of the army.Military reform during the period of the New Deal,the qing court breve,to activities,while,Yu Liansan,Zhao Erxun,Duan Fang,CenChun Mi,Yang Wending led by hunan governors adopted a series of measures to clean up the old armies,and achieved some results,including cut green,weak,sick,and selection of old army elite,adapt to new)with the practice of scout camp,pick some green practice for patrol,etc.Through these measures,the elite soldiers of the old army were re-employed,which ended the complex situation of the army in the late Qing Dynasty and freed up fees for the construction of the new army.At the same time of reforming the old army,Hunan also strengthened the training of the new army,and eventually formed the 25th Mixed Association of the new army.In this process,the new army created a modern battalion system and recruitment system;It has established a modern military education system,advocating both school education and overseas education,and paying attention to the cultivation of officers’ abilities and basic qualities.Weapons and equipment and logistics systems are also becoming more advanced.The above measures greatly promoted the military modernization process of the late Qing Dynasty.After ten years of new policy construction,until the eve of 1911,Hunan army consisted of green battalion,patrol battalion,new army and a small number of training troops.However,there are many deficiencies in the construction of Hunan Army during the New Deal.First of all,because the military and political leaders in Hunan in the late New Deal were mercenary,there were unfair phenomena in the recruitment process of police and new army.Secondly,since most of the recruits of the new army and patrol battalions come from the old army,the old army’s shortcomings are brought into the new system.Moreover,the frequent natural disasters in Hunan and the large amounts of reparations from the apposed powers made Hunan extremely financially strapped,and some problems occurred,such as the serious unpaid soldiers,the shortage of weapons,the suspension of military schools,the slow process of training and demoralization of the new army and the old army.On the eve of the Revolution of 1911,the new army was only organized into one association,and the Green Battalion could not be completely abolished.Among the provinces in China,Hunan’s military effect was not outstanding.In addition,in the new army and scouts internal officers and men serious centrifugal,gradually differentiated.At this very moment,the revolutionary forces used various ways to infiltrate the new army in Hunan and bring it into the revolutionary camp,so that it became the backbone of the Changsha uprising,and realized the final recovery of Hunan.