Three Comments On The History Of Guangling From Eastern Han Dynasty To Western Jin Dynasty

At the time of the Three Kingdoms in the late Han Dynasty,when Cao Wei and Sun Wu faced each other across the river,the characteristics of Guangling as a"middle zone" were fully demonstrated,and the contest between the two countries in Guangling has always existed.In the third year of Jian’an(198),Cao Cao used Chen Deng as the prefect of Guangling to build water conservancy projects in preparation for the development of Jiangdong.Later,due to the situation,Cao Cao had no time to take care of Jiangdong,so he adopted a policy of firm walls and clearing the country to prevent Sun Wu from Jinglue Guangling.After Huang Chu,Cao Wei never used large-scale troops between Jianghuai and Huaihe River,but realized that Huaiyin and Guangling were not the ideal route for southward advancement.However,the Cao Wei regime did not fully follow the policy of strengthening the walls and clearing the country established by Cao Cao during the 18th year of Jian’an,but adopted an active defensive posture.In the later period of the Cao Wei Dynasty,Deng Ai’s success in the farming of Baoying and Xuyi in Jintian indicated that Sun Wu’s threat to the Jianghuai area was weakened.Cao Wei could gradually carry out military reclamation in this area to prepare for future Wu Wu.Deng Ai’s suggestion to reopen the ancient city of Guangling to attract Wu people indicates that after the fall of the Shu Han,the army of Cao and Wei could not cross the Yangtze River for the time being,but Sun Wu could not get involved in Guangling.This also means that Sun Wu’s strategy of Guangling failure.The turmoil at the end of Han Dynasty brought a large number of people from Guangling to the south,which had a profound impact on the political structure afterwards.The family members of Guangling who lived in the east of the Yangtze River can be divided into the scholars of Shan Han and the family members.Aristocratic celebrities mostly depended on Liu Yao,Wang Lang,Hua Xin and other northern celebrities who served as officials in Jiangdong,while Shan Han people were not taken seriously.Guangling Hanshi Zhang Hong played a huge role when Sun Ce took over Jiangdong.Since then,a large number of Guangling Hanwei people who lived in Guangling were absorbed into the Sun Wu regime and participated in the internal struggle of the Sun regime.After the reunification of the Western Jin Dynasty,on the one hand,the geopolitical structure of Guangling County still followed the old age of Cao and Wei in the Western Jin Dynasty.The administrative office always hovered on the south side of Huai River instead of moving south to the north bank of the Yangtze River.On the other hand,the Guangling scholars who had served in Sun Wu were similar in political orientation to the three Wu Hao strong clans,so their political situation was closely related to the Jiangdong Wu family.In terms of the style of Guangling during the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the scholars of Guangling generally showed the style of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty.They were typically characterized by comprehensively synthesizing the classics,managing the world,abide by the Confucian etiquette,respecting human relations,and respecting names.However,under the influence of the mainstream background of the times,some Guangling scholars also appeared to abandon the Han Confucianism,but to re-discuss the style of study.The more typical ones are Chen Qian from the Chen family in Guangling and Dai Ruosi from the Dai family in Guangling.However,their cultural customs showed obvious regionality and backwardness,which also determined that Guangling scholars could not be included in the ranks of the noble family.