The Communication Between Monks And Scholars Of The Eastern Jin Dynasty And Literary Creation

The unified empire disintegrated at the end of the Han Dynasty,although Confucianism is still the national orthodox ideology,its dominant role in society has been weakened as the unified empire disintegrated and the decline of Confucian classics.Divination confucianism(谶纬经学)led to widespread theism,so indigenous Taoism gradually took shape and foreign Buddhism also took the opportunity to flourish,but they were not universally recognized by the upper class.At the same time,the learning of names and principles(名理之学),which discusses the problems of name and reality and evaluates the core of character’s stomach,arose in the class of scholars.At the beginning of the Wei and Jin dynasty,scholars further explored the essence of"the learning of names and principles"to adapt to the new development of society,so Wei-Jin metaphysics(魏晋玄学)came into being.The country was unified in a short time in the Western Jin Dynasty later,but there was no immediate revival of Confucianism.The state power started moving south in the period of Yong Jia,and then the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established.On the one hand,scholars attempted to look for the support of thought from The Metaphysics continue,on the other hand,they began to doubt the idea.Just in this time,the spread of Buddhism into China gradually increased,the thought of buddha-prajna that monks who came to the south for refuge brought is not only consistent with metaphysics,but also more speculative.Buddhism consciously drew close to metaphysics and scholar-class in the middle and early stages of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,so the communication between monks and scholars became popular in society.Buddhism also consciously draws close to Confucianism in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty,with the decline of metaphysics and the revival of Confucianism.The social trend of the communication between monks and scholars ran through the whole Eastern Jin Dynasty,and made a huge and profound impact on the literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.At the same time,monks as a new social class,their social activities must be influenced by original social factors,so on the literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the same great reaction against the communication between monks and scholars.This paper mainly explore the two-way interactive relationship between the communication between monks and scholars and the literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,through carding the facts of the communication between monks and scholars and the literature works in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in historical materials carefully.The paper is divided into the introduction,three-chapter main body and the conclusion.The introduction mainly defines the specific meaning and scope of "scholars" and "the Eastern Jin Dynasty" in the title,and expounds the method of thinking,the value and significance of the research,carding the current research status of the academic community about the relationship between the communication between monks and scholars and the literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,from three aspects: the study of the history of Buddhism and the major figures associated with Buddhism in the Eastern Jin Dynasty;the study of the relationship between scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Buddhism;the study of the relationship between Buddhism of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and literature.Chapter 1 discusses the types,evolutions and characteristics of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Firstly,according to the content,nature and purpose of communication,the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is divided into four types,they are"metaphysical communication""literary communication""Buddhist communication"and"the interests of the communication".Secondly,the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty can be divided into two stages in terms of its evolution,by the Lanting Assembly(兰亭集会)in the ninth year of Yong He(永和九年)of the reign of emperor Mu(353).The first stage was the period of the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the eighth year of Yong He of the reign of emperor Mu(317-352),the duration is short,it is almost a continuation of the type and characteristics of the Western Jin Dynasty.The second stage was the period of the ninth year of Yong He of the reign of emperor Mu to the end of the reign of emperor Gong(353-420),the duration is longer,it represents a typical stage of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Thirdly,the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty presents two main features as a whole,they are"scholars dominated"and"liberalization".Lastly,we can analyze the reasons of the evolution of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty from political environment,economic foundation and academic thought at that time.Chapter 2 mainly elaborates the influence of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty on the literary creation,it is mainly discussed from the following four aspects.the content of literary creation;the artistic style of literary creation;the skills of literary creation;the literary view of buddhist scripture translation.Firstly,it changes the content of literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.These changes mainly include the formation of landscape poetry,the rise of the polemical essay on Buddhism,the emergence of the buddhist mystery novels.Secondly,the communication between monks and scholars promotes the formation of peaceful and elegant artistic style and the meaning of purity and emptiness of the literature of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Thirdly,it had an effect on the skills of literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is mainly reflected in the following three aspect: the emergence of the phenomenon in which both rhyming and unrhyming forms occur simultaneously in an article,enrich the skills of argumentation,the use of buddhist allusions.Lastly,with the growing popularity of buddhist scriptures translation activities,it influences the formation and change of the literary view of buddhist scripture translation of the monks,it is mainly reflected in the following three monks’ views,Dao an,Jiu mo luo shi and Hui yuan.Chapter 3 mainly elaborates the influence of the literary creation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty on the communication between monks and scholars,it is mainly discussed from the following four aspects.First,the literature creation in the early stage is of guiding significance to the communication between monks and scholars.Secondly,the literary creation promotes the integration of the literary concept and the communicative concept,and promotes the communicative activities.Thirdly,the literatualization of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Fourthly,the paradigm meaning of the communication between monks and scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.The last part is the conclusion.The relationship between the communication between monks and scholars and literary creation is a great topic.This topic from the Eastern Jin Dynasty almost throughout the whole history of the development of ancient Chinese literature.The period of discussion in this paper is limited to the Eastern Jin Dynasty,which is the beginning of the cultural phenomenon of the communication between monks and scholars,and it is not perfect.After the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the scale of the communication between monks and scholars was larger and the types and contents were richer in the Southern Dynasty,which had a deeper influence on literary creation in the Southern Dynasty.Both tonal patterns and Bianwen were brewed in this period.The relationship between monks and scholars was closer in the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty,and a special cultural group of "poetry monks" appeared.The influence of the communication between monks and scholars on literature was not weakened,although the spread of Buddhism presented an overall trend of decline in the Yuan Dynasty,the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.This influence was especially reflected in the new literary styles such as ci,drama and chapter-style novels.Therefore,the author thinks it can be taken as the direction of expanding the research.