A Study On Lamps And Lanterns Of Han Dynasty In Sichuan And Chongqing

As a kind of life appliance with lighting function,lamp is not only a kind of material and cultural form,but also a reflection of spiritual culture.Its plastic art reposes people’s ideas,meanwhile,it shows the arts and crafts,scientific and technological innovation,social life,etc.of Han Dynasty in China,and condenses human wisdom and technology.The article is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly discusses the research scope of Sichuan and Chongqing.The research object is more than 400 Han Dynasty(206 BC-220 AD)lamps and lanterns discovered in Sichuan and Chongqing.The second chapter studies the classification of Han Dynasty lamps and lanterns in Sichuan and Chongqing.The lamps are mainly made of pottery,copper,iron and porcelain,which are divided into bean lamp,pan bean lamp,pan(bowl)lamp,animal lamp,figure lamp,branch lamp and flip cup lamp.According to the age and distribution of the lamps and lanterns unearthed in the tombs,it is concluded that there are differences in the use of lamps and lanterns in different regions,and the use of lamps and lanterns in Sichuan region is not as rich as that in Chongqing region;chapter three,understand the evolution law and characteristics of each type of lamps and lanterns.With the development of the times,the bean lamp has changed from a small base with high handle to a large base with low handle.In the early stage of pan(bowl)lamp,there was no lamp,but in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty,there was a lamp with pan(bowl),some of which had animal shapes.The bronze animal lamp appeared at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty,while the pottery animal lamp began to be popular at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty.The figure lamp is only made of pottery,which appeared in the early Eastern Han Dynasty and continued to the late Eastern Han Dynasty.The continuous branch lamp and flip cup lamp are isolated cases,and the law of their evolution cannot be seen.Generally speaking,the early Western Han Dynasty was dominated by copper lamps,while the Eastern Han Dynasty was dominated by ceramic lamps,and ceramic bean lamps were dominant.The first three chapters are mainly to sort out the Han Dynasty lamps unearthed in Sichuan and Chongqing,and the last three chapters are to analyze the social and cultural characteristics reflected by the lamps.The fourth chapter compares the lamps of Han Dynasty in Sichuan and Chongqing with those in Central Plains and Yunnan Guizhou.The lamps and lanterns of Han Dynasty in Central Plains are richer and more exquisite than those in Sichuan and Chongqing,while those in Yunnan and Guizhou are not as rich as those in Sichuan and Chongqing.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the social life culture of Han Dynasty reflected by lamps and lanterns.The lamp has lighting function,and the fuel is mainly liquid fuel.Lamps and lanterns are used for burial,which is mainly influenced by the concept of "things die as if they were alive".The identity of lamp users is relatively low,most of them are common people,and a few are local officials or powerful landlords.The sixth chapter is the conclusion.The paper summarizes the material,shape and evolution of the lamps in the Han Dynasty in Sichuan and Chongqing.The lamps not only have the local characteristics of Sichuan and Chongqing,but also are influenced by the culture of the Central Plains and Yunnan Guizhou region.At the same time,the lamps reflect the hierarchy of the Han Dynasty.