A Study Of The Impact Of "Immigration From Hunan & Hubei To Sichuan" On The Culture Of Sichuan And Chongqing In The Early Qing Dynasty

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,the Sichuan region(now known as the Sichuan-Chongqing region)was plagued by wars,plagues,and tigers,which led to a sudden decline in population,desolation of land,and economic and cultural stagnation.In order to restore and rebuild the social economy and develop production in Sichuan and Chongqing,the Qing government,which had just stabilized,formulated preferential policies from various aspects to encourage immigrants to fill in Sichuan,starting a vast " Immigration from Hunan& Hubei to Sichuan" immigration activities.From the Shunzhi years until the Qianjia years,people from more than ten provinces,including Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Shaanxi,Shaanxi and so on,moved to Sichuan,because the majority of immigrants "Huguang" and named "Immigration from Hunan & Hubei to Sichuan".This migration is the most typical one in the history of Chinese immigration because of its long duration,wide origin and large number.Because of this,the population of Sichuan and Chongqing came from many and varied sources,thus forming a situation of "five mixed parties".In the early Qing Dynasty,a large number of immigrants from Hubei and Sichuan brought their customs and traditions to the Sichuan-Chongqing area,and the mutual influence of foreign culture and the original local culture led to the formation of some new Sichuan-Chongqing cultures,such as language culture,food culture and opera culture,which are typical representatives.Language is a direct tool for people to communicate,and immigrants from different provinces speak different languages.In short,the " Immigration from Hunan & Hubei to Sichuan" contributed to the formation of the current dialects in the Sichuan-Chongqing region,with people of Huguang origin bringing Huguang dialects,Hakka dialects from Guangdong,Hunan Xiang dialects,and the original southern dialects of Hunan.In the eastern part of the region,Chongqing and Chengdu have more immigrants of Huguang origin,so the dialect is Huguang;in the western and southern parts of the region,there are relatively few immigrants,so the former South Road dialect is preserved;Hakka and Xiang dialects are scattered in various areas,and are distributed in a dotted pattern,surrounded by Huguang dialect.In terms of food culture,the immigrants brought chili peppers into Sichuan,making them indispensable to the already spicy Sichuanese.The immigrants brought with them their own technology to develop the famous bean paste and vinegar,which are famous to this day.In terms of opera culture,Sichuan opera is the special card of Sichuan and Chongqing,and the development of Sichuan opera cannot be separated from the immigrants from "Immigration from Hunan & Hubei to Sichuan".The immigrants from Jiangsu brought in the "Wu sound" Kun cadence,which evolved into Chuan Kun;the immigrants from Jiangxi brought in the Yiyang cadence and combined it with local music to form Chuan Gao cadence;the immigrants from Hubei and Shaanxi brought in Pi Huang to become Chuan Huqin cadence;the immigrants from Shaanxi brought in the Qin cadence and combined it with Sichuan dialect and folk ditties to form Chuan Opera;and Chuan Opera Lantern Opera was developed with Sichuan folk songs and dances.The Sichuan Opera Lantern Opera was developed with Sichuan folk songs and dances,and its vernacular color is the heaviest.Through the development of fusion and evolution,five types of Sichuan operas,namely,Kun,Gao,Hu,Bouncing and Deng,were gradually formed,laying the foundation for the formation and development of modern Sichuan opera.In conclusion,the activities of Huguang filling Sichuan in the early Qing Dynasty led to the entry of immigrants from various provinces into the Sichuan-Chongqing region,so the influence on the overall culture of Sichuan-Chongqing region was huge,and thus a new culture of Sichuan-Chongqing with openness,diversity and pioneering was formed.