| Objective:Based on the data of leprosy patients and the on-the-spot investigation of the population in the epidemic areas,we comprehensively grasps the epidemic trend and the latest epidemic situation of leprosy in Chongqing.So as to deeply analyzing the harm of leprosy to patients,families and society.At the same time,the effectiveness of leprosy prevention and education in the early stage was investigated.In order to provide a strong scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of leprosy in Chongqing.It also can provide a reasonable reference for the research of other similar infectious diseases.Methods:The data of leprosy cases(1949-2018)were collected from the leprosy epidemic surveillance database of Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.SPSS 20.0 and R software are used for data processing and analysis.The factors influencing the cure of patients were analyzed by time-dependent Cox regression,and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the public awareness rate.The prevalence of leprosy in Chongqing was evaluated by the time,population and regional distribution of annual incidence,prevalence and mortality.The yearly estimated percentage change was used to assess the time change trend of each index.The clinical diagnosis and treatment of leprosy patients in different periods were evaluated by the onset of leprosy patients’delay period of diagnosis,malformation and disability ratio,cure rate,disease of cured patients and changes of the treatment plan in different periods.The core knowledge awareness rate of residents in popular areas was investigated by a multi-stage random sampling method.A total of 3885 people,including urban residents,rural residents and students,were surveyed in 15 districts and counties of Chongqing.Each respondent who answered≥5 questions correctly was judged as knowing.Otherwise,it was judged as not knowing.Results:A total of 3698 cases of leprosy were reported in Chongqing from 1949 to2018,with a male-to-female ratio of 3.81:1.The incidence of leprosy in Chongqing reached the peak of 0.85/10~5in 1960 and remained below 0.10/10~5since 2004,meeting the WHO standard for leprosy elimination.The overall mortality rate was maintained at0.10/10~5and below.The median delay of onset to diagnosis of leprosy patients in the city was 3.58(1.44,7.62)years,the rate of early detection was 31.31%,and the rate of grade 2 malformation and disability was 31.99%,which decreased significantly with the increase of years(χ~2=5.06,P=0.02).The majority of leprosy patients in the city were MB type(MB:PB=7.69:1).Compared with DDS single therapy,MDT therapy had a higher cure rate and significantly shortened the course of the disease(χ~2=608.35,P=0.00).The awareness rate of core knowledge of leprosy in Chongqing was 55.26%,and the median awareness rate of single-core knowledge was 63.27%.The public has a relatively high awareness of the causes,early symptoms,treatment and prevention of leprosy,and a low understanding of whether leprosy can be cured.Publicity activities and materials are the main ways for residents to acquire knowledge of leprosy prevention and control.There were statistical differences in the distribution of awareness rate in age,nationality,education level and occupation(P<0.05).The awareness rate was higher among people with higher age,education level and students.Conclusion:The prevalence of leprosy in Chongqing is low.However,the early detection of leprosy and the prevention and treatment of deformity still need to be strengthened;The awareness rate of the core information of leprosy prevention and treatment is low among the public.So it is necessary to consider using the media tools such as network to carry out various forms of health publicity and education on the basis of the existing.We also should pay special attention to the health education work of schools,so as to improve the awareness rate of the core information of leprosy prevention and control of the public. |
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