| Objective(1)Questionnaire survey was conducted to understand rural elderly people’s expectation of a good death,quality of life,attitude toward aging,spiritual coping and positive aging level.To investigate the differences in gender,age,education level and other general conditions,and explore the relationship between the expectation of a good death and variables.(2)Through interviews,to understand the rural elderly people’s understanding and expectations of good death.(3)Through educational intervention,the relevant knowledge of aging and active aging and a good death is introduced to the rural elderly,so as to promote their understanding of their own physical and psychological changes,help the rural elderly to improve their aging attitude,improve the level of active aging,rationally plan their lifestyle,improve the quality of life,and achieve a good death.MethodsThrough literature analysis,a large number of domestic and foreign literatures on active aging and good death were systematically analyzed to understand its development status.Secondly,through face-to-face semi-structured interviews,the elderly in rural areas under a township were interviewed to understand the cognition of the elderly in rural areas about a good death.Thirdly,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 159 rural elderly people in this township to understand the status quo and influencing factors of their expectation of a good death,quality of life,aging attitude,spiritual coping and active aging level.Finally,educational intervention method was adopted to carry out educational intervention for the elderly in rural areas to die a good death under active aging,and the intervention effect was tested.The qualitative data were collated and analyzed by NVIVO12 and the questionnaire data were collated and analyzed by SPSS 24.Results(1)Expected to end well for(192.36±17.90),on the overall score independence,physical and mental comfort,and personal respect the highest score,They were(12.51±1.89)points,(12.11±2.79)points and(12.20±1.28)points in order.The lowest scores were for religious belief or spiritual comfort,not being a burden,self-esteem and beauty,they were(6.79±3.29)points,(7.21±2.44)points and(8.78±2.64)points respectively.The total score of good death expectation was significantly higher in gender(t=1.667,p<0.05),education level(F =3.820,p<0.05),type of disease(F =5.334,p<0.001),duration of disease(F =4.572,p<0.01)and self-assessment of health(F =7.084,p<0.001).(2)The overall score of the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas was(74.43±10.98),among which the highest score was(24.60±4.86)in the environmental field,the lowest score was(9.13±2.17)in the social field,and the scores in the physiological field and psychological field were(22.22±3.34)and(18.48±2.80)respectively.The overall score of aging attitude of the rural elderly was(74.58±9.01),among which the score of physical change was the highest(27.54±4.77),the score of psychosocial loss was the lowest(20.96±3.89),and the score of psychological gain was in the middle(26.08±4.55).The spiritual coping scores of the rural elderly were(48.91 ±12.24).The total score of the active aging level of the rural elderly was(71.27±11.78),among which,the score of family support was the lowest(11.11±2.17),and the score of quality of life was the highest(24.12±4.53).The scores of physical vitality and active participation were(19.17±4.19)and(16.87±4.77)respectively.(3)Correlation analysis showed that the expectation of a good death was correlated with the attitude towords aging,quality of life,spiritual coping and the level of active aging to some extent(p<0.05)The regression analysis showed that the attitude toword aging,quality of life,spiritual coping and active aging could predict the total score and most of the dimensions(p<0.05).(4)There were 4 themes and 7 sub-themes in the cognition of the local elderly about a good death,namely,no pain,natural death and avoiding prolonged death.The psychological aspect is to have dignity and not to be a burden;the social aspects of being with family and the fulfilment of human responsibilities;spiritually,local elders believe that good and evil are rewarded.(5)By intervening,old people is expected to end well physical and psychological comfort,in places like fades,maintaining the hope and happiness,the good family relations,independent self-care,comfortable environment,obtain personal respect,life mission complete,adequate treatment,natural death and dying preparation,to grasp the future,consciousness,self-esteem and beautiful dimension and has 15 dimension and total score significantly increased the value of life,not a burden score significantly reduced(p<0.05),good doctor-patient relationship,religious belief or spiritual comfort scores had no significant changes(p<0.05).(6)Before and after intervention,scores and total scores of all dimensions of aging attitude of the elderly in the intervention group,three dimensions and total scores of quality of life,family support and active participation in active aging were significantly increased(p<0.01),the physical activity dimension had no change(p<0.05).Conclusion(1)The elderly in rural areas had lower expectations of a good death,among which the scores of independence,physical and mental comfort and personal respect were the highest.Male,higher level of education,married,less type of disease,shorter duration of disease,spouse as the primary caregiver,and self-rated good health of rural elderly people have better expectation of a good death.(2)Quality of life,aging attitude,spiritual coping and active aging are the important factors that affect the expectation of a good death.(3)The content of the expectation of a good death for the elderly in rural areas is deeply understood,which provides a scientific basis for the formulation of intervention measures aiming at the key influencing factors in the next step.It is of great significance to raise the expectation level of the elderly in rural areas to achieve a good death.(4)The educational intervention program designed in this study can improve the positive aging level and attitude of the elderly in rural areas to a certain extent,and help the elderly to form a positive expectation of a good death. |
PDF Full Text Request