| Background Vitiligo is a common acquired skin and mucosal depigmentation disease.Segmental vitiligo(SV)refers to a clinically unambiguous segmental distribution of depigmented lesions.There is few reported study on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SV,especially in large population samples.Recent reports indicated that early-onset vitiligo and later-onset vitiligo may differ in some aspects,mainly due to the following characteristics: The incidence of segmental lesions of early-onset vitiligo increased.The prevalence of halo nevus was higher,and the associated family history of autoimmune diseases and atopic qualities were more common.From a treatment point of view,the early diagnosis of the early-onset group seemed to be correlated with good treatment results.Compared with patients with a negative family history,patients with a family history of vitiligo were more likely to develop early disease,suggesting that the earlier onset of vitiligo was related to the family history of vitiligo.Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SV in the Chinese Han population by analyzing 925 cases of SV patients collected clinically.And classification analysis was carried out according to different age of onset and family history background.Methods Between January 2002 and September 2019,925 Chinese SV patients were recruited through our collaborative network.All patients filled out a uniformly designed questionnaire.The recorded data mainly included patients age,gender,course of disease,family history,age of onset,onset sites,itching,disease activity,the affected body surface area(BSA),whitening of hair at the affected site,Koebner phenomenon(KP),halo nevus(HN),repigmentation status and related autoimmune diseases.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0.Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess categorical data,and the Student t-test was used to assess continuous data.P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference.Results Out of 925 patients,457(49.4%)were males and 468(50.6%)were females.Mean age of onset was 20.73 ± 12.30 years,with an average course of 3.77 ± 6.18 years.The prevalence of hair whitening of the affected area,itching,halo nevus and Koebner phenomenon was 68.1%,7.0%,4.2%,and 2.2%,respectively.A total of 585 patients(73.6%),296 patients(32.0%)and 44 patients(4.8%)were respectively in the progressive,stable and regression stage.More than one-quarter(25.8%)of patients could appear repigmentation in the depigmented area after treatment.The proportion of SV patients with BSA below 5% was 94.9%,and only 5.1% of patients had a larger area.The most common sites of vitiligo appeared were on the face(30.1%),followed by the trunk(20.6%),and the neck(17.9%).SV could coexist with many autoimmune and allergic diseases.The patients were divided into early-onset(aged 17 years or younger)and later-onset(aged over 17 years)groups.Early-onset SV had a male preference(55.8% vs 44.2%),more prolonged course of disease(5.46 vs 2.19 years),higher rates of KP(3.4% vs 1.0%)and HN(5.8% vs 2.7%),lower itching rate(4.5% vs 9.4%),and better repigmentation rates after treatment(31.2 % vs.20.9%)compared with later-onset SV(all P﹤0.05).The incidence rate in the lower extremities and feet was significantly higher in the early-onset group than in the later-onset group,but the result was opposite on the face and neck(all P﹤0.05).A positive family history was associated with a higher proportion of patients with more than 5% affected BSA(10.6% vs 4.5%,P = 0.004).Conclusions SV has its own characteristics.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SV with different onset ages and family genetic background are different.Our study is helpful to clarify the characteristics of SV in Chinese Han population. |
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