| Objective Occupational noise exposure has gradually become an occupational health problem endangering the health of occupational people.The second kind of occupational disease in our country is occupational noise deafness,which ranks behind occupational pneumoconiosis.Occupational noise exposure risk assessment for noise exposed enterprises can effectively guide enterprises to carry out risk management to protect the health of workers.The present situation of occupational-disease-inductive factors in a passenger car manufacturing enterprise was studied and investigated.It evaluates the noise exposure risk of workers in noise operation positions,which provides the basis for enterprises to improve the corresponding occupational health protection measures,control and eliminate occupational disease hazards.Method A passenger car manufacturer was investigated on the spot by occupational hygiene.The workers with 8-hour working day equivalent sound level(LEX·8h)≥ 80 d B(A)was the research subjects,which uses the risk of hearing loss caused by noise exposure in the Risk Management Guide of Occupational Disease Hazards from Noise as the assessment method,which evaluates and predicts the exposure risk of noise operation positions.The enterprise’s occupational hazard factors,occupational-disease-prevention facilities,personal protective equipment,emergency rescue facilities and auxiliary rooms are analyzed,evaluated and suggested.Result The noise exposure equivalent sound level of workers at various positions in the enterprise ranges from 80.4d B(A)to 99.4 d B(A).The risk of loss of the high frequency hearing threshold due to noise ranges from 0% to 55.3%.The risk of noise-induced occupational noise deafness ranges from 0% to 37.6%.The positions with less than 30 years of exposure were surveyed as follows.Coating purge workers are at high risk of HF threshold loss(17.3%～53.9% HF threshold loss)during high risk phase.The coating electrophoresis grinders were in the acceptable risk and high risk(2.2%～17.9%)stage.At moderate risk were paint fixture cleaners(11.1%),chassis installers(8.4%)and rotary external joint operators(8.6%).Coated purgers have the highest risk of occupational noise deafness,which is rated as high risk(3.8%to 33.5%).The coating electrophoresis grinder ranks second.Its risk rating is moderate(1.6% to 6.6%).Positions with more than 30 years of exposure are listed below.The risk of high frequency hearing threshold loss of coating purge workers was at high risk(51.3～55.3%).The coating electrophoresis grinders were at higher risk(19.5～20.7%).The paint fixture cleaners(13.8～13.9%),chassis installers(10.9～11.2%),wind nut fixers(7.3～7.8%)and rotary external joint operators were at moderate risk(11.1～11.5%).The highest risk of occupational noise deafness was found in paint purging workers,who were rated as high risk(35.5%～37.6%).Secondly,the risk classification for coating electrophoresis grinders was higher(6.3%～8.0%).The test results of dust,chemical poisons and other physical factors are all below the limit set by the state.Combined with the detection,investigation and evaluation of occupational disease harmful factors,the evaluation results of noise protection facilities in this enterprise are partly consistent.Dust,chemical poisons and other physical factors protection facilities are in line with the relevant national standards.The results of investigation,analysis and evaluation of personal use of occupational disease prevention equipment,emergency rescue facilities and auxiliary rooms all meet the relevant requirements.Conclusion 1.The overall noise exposure level and occupational-disease-inductive risk of noise in this position are relatively high.The workers in noise positions have a higher risk of high frequency hearing threshold loss and occupational noise deafness.It should be the critical control point of the occupational hazard of this enterprise and take noise risk management measures.2.Except for noise protection facilities,The test results of other occupational hazard factors,occupational-disease-prevention measures,personal occupational-disease-prevention articles,emergency rescue facilities and auxiliary rooms are all in line with the relevant national regulations.3.Suggestions put forward by noise risk assessment include establishing hearing protection plan,engineering control,strengthening personal protection and improving occupational health monitoring system,etc.It manages employee risks and protects the hearing health of workers.A variety of chemical and physical factors of this enterprise can not be ignored.It suggested that companies strengthen occupational health management at work,improve the occupational health system and increase investment in occupational health to reduce occupational injuries. |
