| Objective:This study investigate the social participation,aging attitude and active aging status of the elderly in the community,discuss the relevant factors,and analyze the mediating role of aging attitude in the influence of social participation on active aging.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study in a descriptive study.In October 2019,a questionnaire survey of the elderly in Yanji City was conducted using the convenience sampling method.A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed,and 253 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate is 97.31%.The research tools include the General Demographic Information Questionnaire,the Simple Mental State Evaluation Scale,the Social Participatory Development Status Questionnaire,the Aging Attitude Questionnaire,and the Chinese version of the Active Aging Scale.And use excel and SPSS 24.0 to input,edit and analyze data.Results:(1)The general situation of the elderly in the community:in this study,139 men(54.9%)and 114 women(45.1%);161 elderly people(63.7%)who have self-evaluated health;179 elderly people with pension insurance(70.8%),241 elderly people(95.3%)with medical insurance;124 elderly people(49.0%)with per capita monthly income of 1,000～RMB;151 elderly people satisfied with community health care services(59.7%);166 elderly people(65.6%)are satisfied with community public services;217 elderly people(85.8%)are satisfied with family member support.(2)Social participation of the elderly in the community:the score is 9.3512.06,and there are differences in gender,age,endowment insurance,medical insurance,satisfaction with community health care services,and satisfaction with community public services,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)Aging attitude of the elderly in the community:the score of general aging attitude is 25.60±4.70,the score of self-aging attitude is 63.17±8.24;the score of psychosocial loss is 18.68±7.34;the score of physiological change is 30.89±4.73;the score of psychological gain is 28.57±4.15.And there are differences in gender,education level,type of household registration,current residence,marital status,self-assessed health status,number of diagnosed chronic diseases,endowment insurance,number of income sources,monthly per capita income,satisfaction with community health care services,satisfaction with community public services,satisfaction with family support,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Active aging of the elderly in the community:the score is 99.22±13.69,and there are differences in education level,political appearance,type of household registration,current family residence,medical insurance,number of income sources,and per capita monthly income,and the differences are statistical significance(P<0.05).(5)The results of correlation analysis between social participation,aging attitude and active aging of the elderly in Community:there is a positive correlation between social participation and aging attitudes(physiological change)(r=0.142,P<0.05);there is a positive correlation between aging attitudes(general aging attitude/self-aging attitude/physiological change/psychological gain)and active aging(r=0.216/r=0.344/r=0.507/r=0.301,P<0.05);there is a positive correlation between social participation and active aging(r=0.294,P<0.05).(6)The impact of social participation and aging attitude on active aging of the elderly:the regression model for predicting active aging of social participation is highly significant(F=7.73,P<0.001),social participation and aging attitude(evaluation object perspective/content perspective)jointly predict the active aging regression model is highly significant(F=8.30/F=12.70,P<0.001).The total effect c(the impact of social participation on active aging)is 0.294,the direct effect c’(the impact of social participation on active aging)is 0.227,and the mediating effect ab(the physiological change dimension of aging attitude)is 0.067.Among them,the contribution rate of the mediating effect to the total effect is 22.9%.Conclusions:(1)Social participation,aging attitude,and active aging of the elderly in the community are all at a medium level.(2)There are differences in some demographic characteristics of social participation,aging attitude,and active aging of the elderly in the community.(3)There is a positive correlation between social participation,aging attitude(content perspective:physiological change),and active aging.The aging attitude has a partial intermediary role between social participation and active aging. |
