| [Objective]To investigate the current situation of attitude to aging,social support and successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions,and explore the pension agency attitude to aging status and its influencing factors in the elderly,analyzes the relationship among the attitude to aging of the elderly in pension service institutions,social support and successful aging,and provides theoretical basis for guiding the elderly to form a positive attitude to aging,promoting successful aging and improving the quality of life.[Method]In this study,the convenience sampling method was applied to select the elderly aged 60 and above from 5 pension institutions in Jinan City from August to December 2020 as the research objects.The self-designed general information questionnaire,Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire(AAQ),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)and Chinese version of Successful Aging Inventory(SAI)were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of the elderly in pension institutions who met the inclusion criteria.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data,and frequency and percentage were used to describe the general information of the elderly in pension institutions.Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the total scores and each dimension score of attitude to aging,social support and successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions respectively.Univariate analysis(independent sample t test,univariate analysis of variance)and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the attitude to aging of the elderly.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation among the attitude to aging,social support and successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions.Stratified regression analysis and Process v3.4 plugin were used to analyze the moderating effects of attitude to aging,social support and successful aging.[Results]1.Demographic data of the elderly in pension institutionsA total of 232 elderly people in pension institutions were included in this study.Among them,the living time of the elderly is 13 months to 5 years,accounting for 59.1%.The majority of the elderly were 80～89 years old,accounting for 42.2%;Male accounted for 39.2%,female accounted for60.8%;Widowed spouse was the main marital status,accounting for 80.2%;Most of the living modes were non-solitary living,accounting for 79.3%;The education level was primary school or below,accounting for 39.7%;Most people have no religious belief,accounting for 88.8%;48.3% of the elderly have one to two children,and 49.1% have three or more children;The frequency of children’s visits was more than once a month,accounting for 52.2%;28.9% were workers;Individual monthly income was 3,000 to 5,000 yuan,accounting for43.5%;Municipal medical insurance mainly accounted for 44%;The elderly who did not smoke or drink accounted for 81.9%;Physical activity was the most,44.8%;The number of chronic diseases were 0～2,accounting for 69%;Most of the elderly use one to two kinds of drugs,up to 64.2%;The majority of self-rated physical health status was average,accounting for 55.6%;The majority of social participation was occasional(57.8%).2.Current situation of attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutionsThe average score of attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions was(76.21±9.60)points,and the items were(3.18±0.40)points.The scores of each dimension were as follows: the average score of psychosocial loss dimension was(22.64±4.54)points,the average score of physical change dimension was(27.25±4.26)points,and the average score of psychological acquisition dimension was(26.32±4.25)points.3.Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of the attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutionsThe results of independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in attitude to aging scores of the elderly in smoking and drinking,physical activity,number of chronic diseases,type of medication,self-rated physical health and social participation(P < 0.05).4.Multivariate analysis of the attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutionsMultiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that three independent variables(physical activity,number of chronic diseases and self-rated physical health)entered the regression equation(F=12.922,P <0.01),which could explain 22.2% of the variation in the regression equation,and the physical activity and self-rated physical health are the positive influencing factors of the attitude to aging of the elderly in the nursing home,and the number of chronic diseases can negatively predict the attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions.5.Status quo of successful aging and social support for the elderly in pension institutionsThe total score of successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions was(50.09±6.83).In terms of the scores of each dimension,the average scores of inner factors and survival significance dimension were(20.31±3.90),functional coping mechanism dimension was(14.43±2.44),transcending aging dimension was(8.53±2.27),sense of inheritance dimension was(3.31±0.67),and spirituality dimension was(3.52±1.55).The average score of social support was(31.04±6.79).Each dimension score: the average score of subjective support dimension was(18.41±4.13)points;The average score of objective support was(5.93±2.04).The average score of the utilization dimension of support was(6.69±2.02).6.The relationship between attitude to aging,social support and successful aging of the elderly in pension institutionsPearson correlation analysis results showed that the total score of attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions was significantly positively correlated with the total score of successful aging(r=0.445,P <0.01),the total score of attitude to aging was significantly positively correlated with the total score of social support(r=0.342,P < 0.01),and the total score of successful aging was significantly positively correlated with the total score of subjective support(r=0.507,P < 0.01).7.Analysis of the moderating effect of social support on attitude to aging and successful aging of the elderly in pension institutionsThe social support of the elderly in pension institutions has a moderating effect on attitude to aging and successful aging,and the interaction coefficient of attitude to aging and social support is significant(b =-0.012,P < 0.01),and the slope graph of high level social support is relatively flat,while the slope graph of low level social support is relatively steep.That is to say,when the level of social support is high,its moderating effect of attitude to aging on the successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions is weak.When the level of social support was low,the moderating effect of attitude to aging on the successful aging of the elderly in pension institutions was stronger.[Conclusion]1.The overall score of attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions was(76.21±9.60),indicating that their attitude to aging was at a medium level.2.The attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions was affected by smoking and drinking,physical activity,number of chronic diseases,type of medication,self-reported physical health and social participation.3.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that physical activity and self-reported physical health were positive influencing factors for the attitude to aging of the elderly in the nursing home,and the number of chronic diseases could negatively predict the attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions.4.The social support of the elderly in the pension institutions was at the middle level,and the successful aging of the elderly in the pension institutions was at the middle level.In this study,there was a correlation between attitude to aging,social support and successful aging of the elderly in the nursing home,and a significant positive correlation between attitude to aging and successful aging of the elderly in the nursing home,a significant positive correlation between attitude to aging and social support,and a significant positive correlation between social support and successful aging.5.Social support played a moderating role in the relationship between attitude to aging and successful aging.Improving the level of social support can enhance the influence of attitude to aging of the elderly in pension institutions on successful aging. |
