Study On The Active Aging Of The Elderly And The Relation Between The Active Aging And Life Style

Objective: Active aging is a process of maximizing the benefits of the health,participation and protection of the elderly,focusing on the physical and mental health,personal dignity and self-realization of the elderly.The purpose of this study is to explore the degree and influencing factors of active aging of retired teachers and staff over 80 years old in Beijing Sports University,to analyze the relationship between active aging and health-promoting lifestyle,to guide the healthy life of the elderly from the perspective of lifestyle,and to promote the development of active aging in the community.Methods: The subjects were 110 retired staff over 80 years old in Beijing Sports University,including 55 males and 55 females.The research methods are as follows:(1)Questionnaire survey: The basic personal information of the subjects,including gender,nationality,birth date,education level,marital status,physical exercise and chronic diseases,was investigated by self-designed questionnaire.The positive aging scale was used to investigate the positive aging degree of the subjects.The questionnaire included four dimensions: physical vitality,life satisfaction,family support and active participation.There were 21 items.Each item was selected as "obvious non-conformity,some non-conformity,intermediate,some conformity and obvious conformity",and was given 1,2,3,4,5 points in turn.The higher the score,the more the items explained.The higher the degree of active aging is,the Health promotion lifestyle profile-II(HPLP-II R)is adopted in the lifestyle survey.The scale includes six dimensions: health responsibility,sports,nutrition,interpersonal relationship,stress management and self-realization.There are 40 items in total.Each item is selected as "never,sometimes,often,always".Do not give 1,2,3,4 points.The higher the scale score,the healthier the lifestyle of the elderly.(2)Measurementmethod: The health-related indicators of the subjects were tested one-to-one by the surveyors,including height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,pulse,grip strength and body composition.(3)Interview method: According to the outline of the interview to understand the lifestyle of the subjects,the content of the interview into quantitative results,and collate records.(4)Statistical analysis:Excel and SPSS 16.0 were used to collate and analyze the data.The methods of analysis included independent sample T test,variance analysis,Pearson correlation,multiple linear regression and so on.Result:(1)The total average score of active aging was 3.85±0.64,which was on the upper middle level.The average score of each dimension from high to low was life satisfaction,active participation,physical vigor and family support.Marriage status and sports had significant influence on the active aging of the subjects,and the scores of the married and athletes were significant.It was higher than other groups(P< 0.05).(2)71.8% of the subjects had undergraduate and college education,36.36%had athletic background,and 86.36% had chronic diseases.Over half of the subjects were overweight,obese or with hypertension,but obesity and hypertension had no significant impact on active aging.(3)The average score of health-promoting lifestyle was 117.59±16.25,with good evaluation and the highest standardized score of nutritional dimension,followed by interpersonal relationship,stress management and self-realization,and lower scores of sports and health responsibility.(4)The correlation between positive aging and health-promoting lifestyle was 0.247(P <0.01),and 0.453(P < 0.01)and 0.305(P < 0.01)respectively.Interpersonal relationship could significantly predict positive aging(R = 0.453,P < 0.01).(5)More than two-thirds of the elderly with higher scores of active aging have the characteristics of long-term adherence to physical exercise habits,active social participation,peace of mind and good sleep habits.Conclusion:(1)The overall situation of active aging of the elderly is in the upper middle level,in which life satisfaction is the best and at a higher level;active aging is affected by many factors,and good marital status and sports are positively correlated with the active aging of the elderly.(2)The prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly is high and the situation is severe.Obesity,hypertension,osteoporosis and other chronic diseases are common.Obesity,hypertension and other chronic diseases have no significant impact on active aging.(3)The evaluation of health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly is good,and the status of nutrition and interpersonal relationship is good.(4)Active aging is closely related to health-promoting lifestyle,and the dimension of interpersonal relationship is most relevant to active aging.(5)Physical exercise,social participation,and peace of mind are conducive to the development of active ageing.