| Objectives1.To explore the effect of self-perception aging on the psychological well-being of the elderly in community.2.To test the mediating effect of social participation on self-perceived aging and psychological well-being.MethodsFrom September 2017 to August 2018,850 elderly people from six typical communities in Tangshan City were conveniently selected as subjects.Using the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire(APQ),Social Participation Scale and Psychological Well-being Questionnaire in Multiple Happiness Questionnaire(MHQ)was used to investigate the self-perceived aging degree,social participation degree and psychological well-being level of the elderly in the community.Meanwhile,self-designed general situation questionnaire,Family APGAR index and ability assessment scale of the elderly were used to investigate the influencing factors of psychological well-being.The data were analyzed by SPSS17.0statistical software.The influencing factors of psychological well-being of the elderly were analyzed by t-test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among self-perceived aging,social participation and psychological well-being.We analyzed the mediating effect between self-perceived aging and psychological well-being by using Wen Zhonglin’s mediating effect test procedure.Results1.The total score of psychological well-being of the elderly in the community was(156.04±25.93).The level of psychological well-being was in the upper middle level.2.The results of single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in the level of psychological well-being among age,marital status,educational level,monthly income,family structure,change of perception function,community function,family care,positive perception aging and negative perception aging(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the level of psychological well-being between different genders(P>0.05).3.Multivariate linear stratified regression analysis showed that monthly income,changes in perceived function,community function,family care,positive self-perception aging and negative self-perception aging affected the elderly’s psychological well-being.In the first layer,the adjusted R~2 is 0.418 when the positive perception aging is not included in the regression equation,and when the positive perception aging is included in the second layer,the adjusted R~2 is 0.482.Positive perception aging can explain 6.4%of the total variation of the elderly’s psychological well-being.In the second layer,when the negative perception aging is not included in the regression equation,the adjusted R~2 is0.482,when the negative perception aging is included in the third layer,the adjusted R~2 is0.552,and the negative perception aging can explain 7%of the total variation of the elderly’s psychological well-being.4 Pearson correlation analysis showed that social participation was positively correlated with psychological well-being and positive perception aging(r=0.593,0.303,P<0.05),negatively correlated with negative perception aging(r=-0.305,P<0.05),positively correlated with positive perception aging(r=0.463,P<0.05),negatively correlated with negative perception aging(r=-0.518,P<0.05).5.The results of mediating effect showed that social participation had a partial mediating effect between positive perception aging and psychological well-being(P<0.05),the mediating effect was 0.151,the direct effect was0.312 and the total effect is 0.463.The contribution rate of mediating effect to the total effect was Ettect M=0.303*0.499/0.463=32.6%.Social participation had a partial mediating effect between negative perception aging and psychological well-being(P<0.05).The mediation effect was-0.305*0.480=-0.146,the direct effect was-0.371 and the total effect was-0.518.The contribution rate of mediation effect to the total effect was Ettect M=-0.305*0.480/-0.518=28.2%.Conclusions1.The psychological well-being of the elderly in the community is on the upper middle level.2.Monthly income,change of perception function,community function,family care,positive self-perception aging and negative self-perception aging are the influencing factors of psychological well-being of the elderly in the community.Improving the positive self-perception aging level of the elderly and reducing the negative self-perception aging level of the elderly will help to improve their psychological well-being level.3.Social participation plays a mediating role between positive perception of aging,negative perception of aging and psychological well-being of the elderly.Improving the level of positive self-perception of aging of the elderly and reducing the level of negative self-perception of aging of the elderly can improve their level of social participation,and then improve their psychological well-being.Figure 1;Table 9;Reference 106... |
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