Study On The Biological Characteristics Of Flowering And Fruiting Of Hazelnut Hybrid

In order to find out the biological characteristics of flowering and Fruiting of Corylus helerophylla Fisch.×Corylus avellana L.in Xinjiang,the phenology and cross pollination compatibility of five main varieties(lines)in Cha County of Yili were studied.The results are as follows:(1)The phenology of flowering,leaf bud and fruit of five cultivar were observed respectively.The results showed that the male flowers of the hybrid hazelnut sprouted first compared with the female flowers,and the duration of male flowers was 14-16 days.Among them,the male flowers of‘Dawei’ blossomed first,and the female flowers lasted 10-14 days,among which the female flowers of ’Pingou 110’blossomed first,and the male and female flowers of each Cultivar could meet.The sprouting period of leaf buds of five cultivar was in the late March,leaf development in the early April,shoot drawing in the middle and late April,and leaf falling period in the late October.The fruit setting stage of five varieties was in the first ten days of May,the ovary expanding stage was in the beginning of June,the shell hardening stage was in the last ten days of July,and the mature stage of nuts was in the middle ten days of August.(2)The average temperature of florescence is 9℃,the highest temperature is 24.1℃,the lowest temperature is-3.5℃,and the humidity is 48%.The accumulated temperature of five varieties of hazelnut during florescence reaches 167℃,and the temperature of male and female flowers at florescence is 7℃.(3)The optimum combination of pollen culture medium is 2%sucrose+10%sucrose+0.05%boric acid.The highest rate of pollen germination is 56.51%.Too much or too little sucrose is not conducive to pollen germination.The pollen activities of five varieties of‘Dawei’.’Yuzhui’,’Pingou 110’,‘Pingou 15’and ’Liaozhen 3’ were 50%,43%,57%,46%and 47%.(4)Five main hybrid hazelnut cultivar were used as female parents for self pollination,and five hybrid hazelnuts were used as male parents for cross pollination.The fruit setting rate of different pollination combinations was very different.’Pingou 202’ was the male parent,and the fruit setting rate was high when it was hybridized with female parent ’Dawei’,’Yuzhui’ and ’Pingou 110’.When ’Pingou 210’ was the male parent,it was hybridized with female parent ’Pingou 15’and‘Liaozhen 3’.The results of fluorescence microscopic observation of stigma showed that the six combinations had good affinity and the pollen could germinate smoothly.‘Dawei’(♀)×’Pingou 256’((?)),’Yuzui’(♀)r‘Pingou 256’((?)),’Yuzhui’(♀)入‘Pingou 119、((?)),‘Pingou 110’(♀)בPingou 210’((?)),‘Pingou 15’(♀)×’Pingou 256’((?)),‘Liaozhen 3’(♀)×’Pingou 376’((?)),’Liaozhen 3’(♀)בPingou 202’((?)).The compatibility of the combinations was poor and the fruit setting rate was low.Most of the fruit bracts of the hybrid combination were single fruit bracts and double fruit bracts,and the highest fruit setting rate was 66.67%for‘Yuzhui’(♀)×’Pingou 202’((?)).‘Pingou 202’,‘Pingou 210’ and ’Pingou 1 19’were suitable for pollination,and‘Pingou256’was not suitable for pollination due to its poor compatibility with most of the cultivar.(5)In the process of fruit development,three-way,single fruit weight(fresh fruit weight and single fruit(weight),three-way of kernel,kernel weight,shell thickness and cavity coefficient were measured and analyzed.The three-way of single fruit,dry fruit quality and kernel of hazelnut showed a gradually increasing trend.‘Pingou 110’,‘Dawei’and‘Yuzhui’have full nuts and thin shells.The three-way and dry fruit quality showed a single growth curve,while the fresh fruit quality showed a‘slow fast slow’growth trend.Among the five cultivar,’Pingou 110’ has the largest single fruit,followed by ’Dawei’,which has plump kernel,thin shell and the best quality.