Study On The Impact Of Pollination And Fruit Loading For The Formation Of Fruit Quality In Pear

In this study, we have studied the effects of pear anagement techniques on fruit quality such as liquid pollination, different inflorescence order bits, loading, result branch groups, foliar fertilization and established mathematical models of pear yield and soluble solids content. The main results are as follows:1. We used pear pollen of’Huanghua’(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv.’Huanghua’), ’Wakahikari’(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv.’Wakahikari’) and ’Dangshansuli’ (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. ’Dangshansuli’) to pollinate’Huangguan’(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. ’Huangguan’) and ’Nanguoli’(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim, cv. ’Nanguoli’) to research the technology of liquid pollination. Pear liquid pollination investigations have shown that the best nutrient composition of liquid ratio is 15% sucrose,0.01% boric acid, 0.05% calcium nitrate, the best pollen concentration of 0.8 g/L, and acre orchard with pure pollen 17.6 g. After Pear pollinated by liquid, the fruit setting rates increased, but fruit quality had no significant differences with that by artificial pollination.2. Artificial pollination was performed at the stage of large bud after flower thinning on the pear cultivars of’Huanghua’, ’Dangshansuli’and’Hosui’ (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv. ’Hosui’), to investigate effects of different fruit positions in inflorescence on their development and quality. It is concluded that the order position in inflorescence of 2nd to 4th,2nd to 4th and 3rd to 4th was the best position for producing’Huanghua’,’Dang shansuli’ and’Hosui’fruit, respectively. And it is reliable to get use of 3rd order position in inflorescence to produce fruit for most pear cultivars in culture practice.3. Using fruit spacing method leave fruits on the pear cultivars of’Cuiguan’(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv.’Cuiguan’) and’Hosui’, was investigated effects of different distance between fruits loading on yield and quality. Results showed that:the quality and yield were optimal at the 25cm distance between fruits for’Cuiguan’and’Hosui’.4. Through the winter pruning method leave result branch groups on the pear cultivars of ’Hosui’, was investigated effects of different age result branch groups on fruit quality and proposed the concept of young adults result branch groups. The results showed:with the increasing age of the results branch groups, fruit single weight, titratable acidity, Vc content increased at the beginning, and when they increased four-year result branch groups they began to decline. As the age of results branch groups increased, fruit firmness showed an increasing trend, while soluble solids content and total soluble sugar content were gradually declining trend. It was concluded that the quality was optimal at four-year result branch groups of’Hosui’, and the young adults result branch groups were both three-year and four-year result branch groups.5. Pear cultivars’Cuiguan’ as test materials, we have studied the effects of the biogas slurry foliar fertilization on the quality of pear fruit by the spraying of various foliar fertilization and different proportion of biogas slurry for two consecutive years. It was concluded that:the use of biogas slurry as ’Cuiguan’ foliar fertilizer can significantly improve the quality and resilience of pear fruit, at the same time the proportion of biogas slurry with water ratio of 1:3, is the best.6.’Cuiguan’,’Huangguan’ pears for the material, in order to create a pear yield and soluble solids content mathematical model,we have surveied soil fertilizer and water management, leaves, yield, quality in different places through two consecutive years. The results showed that:Mathematical model of the relationship between the yield and fruiting quantity fitted for the quadratic equation in’Cuiguan’ and ’Huangguan’. Mathematical model of the relationship between the yield of’Cuiguan’with all survey factors was, Y=1324.459+9.107X1+7.527X2-16.526X3-1.077X4-11.854X5+4.953X6-1.459X7, R2=0.998. Mathematical model of the soluble solids content of’Cuiguan’and all survey factors was,Y= 13.573-0.01X, R2= 0.535.Mathematical model of the relationship between the yield of ’Huangguan’ with all survey factors was,Y=-381.194+12.407X1+2.261X2, R2=0.948.Mathematical model of the soluble solids content of’Huangguan’ and all survey factors was, Y=7.861+0.016 X1+0.021X2-0.137X3, R2=0.670.