| The continuous cropping of cotton in Xinjiang has a long period of time,and the high intensity of chemical fertilizer input has aggravated the destruction of agricultural ecological environment,which restricts the green and efficient development of cotton in Xinjiang.As an important water-saving and efficiency increasing measure in arid area,drip irrigation under mulch is the basis of cotton development in Xinjiang.Therefore,in order to explore the way of organic-inorganic combination of drip irrigation under mulch,three modes of no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(CF),organic liquid fertilizer(LF)and five application rates of organic liquid fertilizer(f0.6,f0.8,f1.0,f1.2,f1.4)were set up at the crop high efficiency water use observation station of the Ministry of agriculture,Xinjiang Academy of agricultural reclamation Sciences in 2019-2020 To study the spatial and temporal distribution of organic matter,large amount(ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium),medium amount(calcium,magnesium,sulfur),trace amount(copper,zinc,manganese,iron),cotton growth,biomass accumulation,yield and nutrient absorption and utilization under different fertilization patterns.The main research conclusions are as follows:1.Through the influence on the temporal and spatial distribution of soil nutrients,it was showed that compared with chemical fertilizers,organic liquid fertilizers significantly increase the organic matter content in the narrow rows with an average increase of 13.4%.And 0～60cm nitrate nitrogen increased significantly,and it was found that it showed obvious migration with water under narrow rows,and the leaching intensified to 40～60cm with the increase of the amount of organic liquid fertilizer.At the same time,soil ammonium nitrogen was 100 days after the emergence of seedlings.It also shows an increase in the soil layer of 40～60cm.Compared with no fertilization,F1.4 significantly increased the content of available phosphorus with an average increase of 78.3%.The average increase of available potassium was 16.8% with F0.8 treatment;in addition,compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,F0.8 treatment The content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium did not decrease significantly.Due to the addition of humic acid and trace elements Zn and Mn in the organic liquid fertilizer,compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,the F0.8 treatment showed a significant decrease in the content of Mn and Fe in the 0-20cm wide row,and the 40-100cm between the membranes Cu and Zn in the soil layer increased significantly.Therefore,the application of organic liquid fertilizer significantly increases the soil organic matter,increases the content of available nutrients,activates the insoluble trace elements in the soil,and improves the soil nutrient environment.2.Through the effects on cotton growth and development,yield and quality,it was found that compared with chemical fertilizer application alone,organic liquid fertilizer application led to early flowering and boll opening of cotton,and with the increase of organic liquid fertilizer application amount,cotton plant height,the function leaf width and stem diameter increased significantly,at the same time prolonged the time when the function leaf width reached the peak.The total biomass(TPB)and vegetative organ biomass(VOB)of cotton in F0.8～F1.4 treatments increased by 9.7～23.5% and 8.4～28.5% on average compared with chemical fertilizer application alone,while the average increase of reproductive organ biomass(ROB)was the highest in F0.8.The maximum accumulation rate(VM)and average accumulation rate(VT)of Rob increased by20.3% and 20.5% respectively in F0.8 treatment.The increase of seed cotton yield in F0.8 was the largest,with an average increase of 21.8%.The increase of seed cotton yield benefited from the increase of bolls per plant and total bolls per unit area.The increase of bolls per plant and total bolls per unit area in F0.8 treatment was 22.4% and 18.9%.In addition,different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on cotton fiber quality.Therefore,the application of organic liquid fertilizer can promote the growth of cotton,prolong the time of rapid dry matter accumulation,improve the accumulation rate,significantly increase the number of bolls per plant,and then increase the yield of cotton.3.The results showed that compared with CK,fertilization treatment N uptake increased by 35.3～76.9%,P uptake increased by 15.8～43.4%,K uptake increased by 31.2～62.8%;compared with chemical fertilizer application,N,P,K uptake increased with the increase of organic liquid fertilizer application.Further studies on nutrient absorption of different organs showed that the accumulation of N,P and K in stem and leaf was promoted by organic liquid fertilizer F1.0-1.4 treatment,while F0.8 treatment showed that the transfer of nutrients to reproductive organs was promoted from boll filling stage to flocculent stage.The application of organic liquid fertilizer increased the content of Mg,Mn,Zn and Fe in leaves,and increased the accumulation of B,Cu and Zn in boll,and promoted the absorption of N,P and K.The partial yield,agricultural utilization efficiency and apparent utilization efficiency of fertilizer showed that the application of organic liquid fertilizer increased significantly,but the utilization rate decreased with the increase of application amount.Therefore,the application of organic liquid fertilizer is beneficial to the accumulation of trace elements in cotton leaves and bolls,and the absorption of N,P and K.In conclusion,under the condition of the integration of drip irrigation and water fertilizer under membrane,the application mode of organic liquid fertilizer reduced by 20% is conducive to the simultaneous improvement of cotton yield and nutrient utilization. |
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