Effects Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer And Reduced Amount Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nutrient Absorption And Yield Quality Of Maiz

In view of the current situation of excessive application of chemical fertilizer and low utilization of cattle manure resources in the northeast farming pastoral area,the feasibility of applying liquid organic fertilizer as base fertilizer instead of seed fertilizer and only topdressing chemical fertilizer and the proportion of chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduction were discussed.By field test,the test set T1:no nitrogen fertilizer,T2:chemical fertilizer（seed fertilizer+topdressing）,T3:liquid organic fertilizer(67.5 t·hm^-2),T4,T5,T6 treated base fertilizer is the same as T3,the topdressing amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was 40%,60%and 80%of that of T2,respectively,a total of six processing,reducing studied liquid organic fertilizer and topdressing chemical nitrogen fertilizer on corn growth and development,reducing the influence of nutrient uptake,yield and quality.The test results show that:（1）Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer（T2）,the SPAD values of basal fertilizer with liquid organic fertilizer and nitrogen reduction by 40%（T5）and 20%（T6）increased by 5.9%（P<0.05）and 5.2%in the vegetative growth period,and still increased by 2.7%and 0.7%in the reproductive growth period.The application of liquid organic fertilizer and reduced topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can help the synthesis of chlorophyll and delay the senescence of maize leaves.（2）The application of liquid organic fertilizer applying seed manure compared with T2processing in jointing stage a 22.4%（P<0.05）increase in total dry matter accumulation,T5 and T6treatment compared with T2 processing in mature period total dry matter accumulation,the accumulation of dry matter of grain increased by 1.1%and 0.3%,16.4%（P<0.05）and 8.4%,respectively,in the later growing plant,grain growth rate increased by 34.3%（P<0.05）and 28.6%（P<0.05）,32.0%（P<0.05）and 15.8%,and the harvest index increased by 15.0%（P<0.05）and 8.2%.Application of liquid organic fertilizer and reduced topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can increase dry matter accumulation,regulate the growth rate of organs and optimize the proportion of grains.（3）Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in T5 and T6 treatments increased by22.4%（P<0.05）and 9.5%（P<0.05）,46.6%（P<0.05）and 28.3%（P<0.05）,46.6%（P<0.05）and 63.7%（P<0.05）,respectively.Total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 10%（P<0.05）and 2.9%,23.6%（P<0.05）and 24.1%（P<0.05）,5.2%and 20.1%（P<0.05）.The contribution rates of nitrogen and phosphorus transshipment to grain increased by 20.4%（P<0.05）,34.2%（P<0.05）,77.1%（P<0.05）and 42.6%（P<0.05）.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium harvest indices increased by 11%（P<0.05）and 6.3%,18.8%（P<0.05）and 3.3%,39.2%（P<0.05）and 36.4%（P<0.05）.The application of liquid organic fertilizer and reduced topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can promote the absorption of nutrients and optimize the distribution and transportation of nutrients in various organs.（4）T5 and T6 treatments increased the grain weight by 3.16%（P<0.05）and 0.53%,and the yield by 8.42%and 5.78%,respectively.The contents of crude fat,crude protein and starch increased by 4.9%（P<0.05）and 5.7%（P<0.05）,1.8%and 2.1%,1.2%（P<0.05）and 1.1%（P<0.05）,respectively.High yield and high quality can be achieved by using liquid organic fertilizer with reduced amount of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.（5）T5 treatments increased the Chemical fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate,chemical fertilizer nitrogen contribution rate by 27.78%（P<0.05）,1.54%（P<0.05）.T5 and T6 treatments increased the chemical fertilizer nitrogen agronomic efficiency,chemical fertilizer nitrogen partial factor productivity,total nitrogen contribution rate by 9.26 kg·kg^-1（P<0.05）and 2.69 kg·kg^-1（P<0.05）,45.73 kg·kg^-1（P<0.05）and 18.26 kg·kg^-1（P<0.05）,6.46%（P<0.05）and 4.55%（P<0.05）,the revenue increased by 854 yuan·hm^-2 and 245 yuan·hm^-2.The base application of liquid organic fertilizer and reduced topdressing nitrogen fertilizer had good utilization efficiency and economic benefits.In general,under the conditions of this experiment,the application of liquid organic fertilizer(67.5 t·hm^-2)in basal fertilizer and the absence of seed fertilizer had a positive effect on the growth and nutrient absorption of maize at jointing stage.The application of liquid organic fertilizer with40%reduced chemical nitrogen fertilizer had positive effect on the growth of maize.It can not only advance the plant into the reproductive period,make the seeds form first,but also prolong the reproductive growth time and delay the senescence of ear leaves,which is conducive to the continuous accumulation of grains,with good harvest index and economic benefits.In addition,it also has a good effect on the absorption and accumulation of corn nutrients,which can not only transport a large number of nutrients in the nutrient organs to the grains,but also efficiently transport nutrients absorbed from the outside to the grains in the later growth period,thus improving the utilization efficiency of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,and facilitating the improvement of grain quality to achieve the effect of high yield and good quality.In this experiment,the liquid organic fertilizer developed by the advanced technology of Denmark,which can fully recover the waste of livestock and poultry.Effectively reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer,improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer;The application of liquid organic fertilizer in basal fertilizer and no seed fertilizer can improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery sowing,and the fertilization mode of topdressing fertilizer in the growing and flourishing period can shorten the vegetative growth period of maize and prolong the reproductive growth period,accelerate the uptake rate of nutrients by grain.It has good economic benefit,ecological benefit and social benefit,and provides theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture.