Research On Development And Application Of Garden Waste And Chinese Medicine Residue Matrix

With the rise of soilless cultivation and home gardening,the market demand for culture medium is increasing,and the effects of different substrate characteristics on plants are also different.In order to promote the matrix utilization of landscaping plant waste and Chinese herbal residue,explore the effects of different strains on its composting effect,In this test,the litter of garden waste Cinnamomum Camphora,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver,Salix babylonica,Diospyros kaki and Chinese herbal residue Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Codonopsis pilosula,Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels,Astragalus membranaceus,Clematidis Armandii were compared.The changes of physicochemical properties of the CK and the addition of 0.5%Bacillus subtilis（T1）,0.5%Trichoderma koningii（T2）,and 0.5%EM bacteria（T3）in its stacking process.After the composting,the fermented homemade garden waste and Chinese herbal residue were used as substrates,and two common substrates（yellow loam and peat soil）were selected for comparison.From the plant growth,physiological and biochemical and photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen and phosphorus Potassium content and other aspects of potted Sedum aizoon L,Gynura bicolor,Cosmos sulphureus response to several Growing medium and the impact of cultivation medium on the adaptability of Chrysanthemum morifolium’Huangju’in high temperature climate environment.Below are key research findings:1)The garden plant waste T3 treatment and fermentation speed is fast,and the Chinese medicine residue T2 treatment and fermentation speed is fast.0～3 days is the rapid heating period of garden waste and Chinese herbal residue fermentation.The high temperature period of garden waste is maintained for 5 days,and the high temperature period of Chinese herbal residue lasts more than 7 days.The pH value of the two organic waste heaps is in the range of 7.5～8.5;Except for the Chinese medicine residue CK group,the EC value is1.582ms/cm,and the rest of the treatments are between 2.0～2.75ms/cm;the garden plant waste T3 treatment and the Chinese medicine residue T2 treatment have the highest degree of humus condensation;After the completion of the composting,the C/N T values of all treatments were less than 0.7;EM bacteria are conducive to the nitrogen fixation of garden waste composting,and T1 and T2 of Chinese medicine residue stacking are conducive to the fixation of nitrogen;EM bacteria are conducive to the formation of humus and fulvic acid in the process of garden plant waste and Chinese medicine residue stacking;EM bacteria are conducive to the degradation of garden waste lignin and hemicellulose,Trichoderma koningii is conducive to the degradation of cellulose and to traditional Chinese medicine Degradation of residue lignin;EM bacteria are good for accumulating the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the process of composting garden plant waste.Trichoderma koningii is conducive to accumulating the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the process of compiling traditional Chinese medicine residue;The germination index is 100%.The germination index of Chinese medicine residue T1 treatment reached 100%,which was obviously different from 86.56%of CK treatment.2)The growth of potted flowers grown with two self-made substrates is better than the traditional substrates（yellow loam,peat soil）of the control group.In the four treatments（yellow loam,garden waste matrix,Chinese medicine residue matrix,peat soil）,the garden waste matrix is beneficial to the growth of the plant height of Heliotrope aurantium and Thiophora,and the Chinese medicine residue matrix is beneficial to Jingtian Sanqi The growth of plant height.The garden waste matrix is conducive to the growth of Sedum aizoon stems and Cosmos sulphureus stems.The Chinese medicine residue matrix is conducive to the growth of Gynura bicolor stems.The yellow loam in each treatment is worse than other substrates.Cosmos sulphureus with Chinese medicine residue matrix has good flowering effect（12 flowers per plant,6.7cm in diameter per flower,113 days of flowering period）,followed by garden waste substrate（10 flowers per plant,6.57cm in diameter per flower,109flowering period）Days),peat soil（number of flowers per plant 6.33,diameter of single flower 5.2,flowering period 99 days）and yellow loam soil 5.33,5.7 flowering period 98days)poor flowering effect.Gynura bicolor,Sedum aizoon,and Cosmos sulphureus grown on two substrates of garden waste and traditional Chinese medicine residue have strong physiological activity and photosynthetic characteristics;Gynura bicolor grown on traditional Chinese medicine residue has a nitrogen content of up to 2.87%,a phosphorus content of up to 0.44%,and peat soil Gynura bicolor has a high potassium content of 1.92%,garden waste matrix planting Sedum aizoon has a nitrogen content of 1.67%,and peat soil planting Sedum aizoon has a phosphorus and potassium content of 0.42%and 1.88%.3)The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the two organic waste substrates planted Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Huangju’are superior to the control group.Chrysanthemum morifolium’Huangju’planted with Chinese medicine residue substrate has good nutritional growth（plant height 38.67 cm,stem thickness 1.38 cm,crown width 21.33cm,number of leaves 25）,followed by garden waste substrate（plant height 37.1 cm,stem Thick 1.26 cm,crown width 20.43 cm,leaf number 23.67 pieces）,peat soil（plant height33.97 cm,stem thickness 1.15 cm,crown width 19.2 cm,leaf number 21.33 pieces）and yellow loam（plant height 30.6 cm,stem thickness 0.82 cm,crown width 18.6 cm,number of leaves 20.33）performance is poor;the photosynthetic indicators such as Pn(20.15μmol Co₂·m^-2·s^-1、21.19μmol Co₂·m^-2·s^-1),Gs(0.35 mol Co₂·m^-2·s^-1、0.35 mol Co₂·m^-2·s^-1),LSP(1897.71μmol·m^-2·s^-1、1862.12μmol·m^-2·s^-1),and AQY(0.05μmol·m^-2·s^-1、0.06μmol·m^-2·s^-1)of leaves grown on Garden waste and Chinese medicine residue matrix were significantly higher than those on yellow loam soil,while LCP(5.15μmol·m^-2·s^-1、8.28μmol·m^-2·s^-1)and Rd(0.25μmol·m^-2·s^-1、0.45μmol·m^-2·s^-1)were lower than those on yellow loam;while the fluorescence index of Fm,Fv/Fo,and q P is significantly higher than that of the traditional matrix.In summary,the three strains have a promoting effect in all aspects of the composting process of garden plant waste and Chinese medicine residue.The addition of Trichoderma koningii in the Chinese medicine residue composting process is good,and the addition of EM bacteria in the garden waste composting process is good.The two self-made substrates of garden waste and traditional Chinese medicine residue after fermentation are more suitable for pot planting in Sedum aizoon,Gynura bicolor and Cosmos sulphureus than the peat soil and yellow loam purchased in the experiment.The self-made substrate can promote photosynthesis,alleviate the inhibition of the photochemical activity and photosynthetic performance of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Huangju’by high temperature environment,increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products,and promote the growth of Hypericum.The self-made substrate can be used and popularized as a new type of substrate in the potting of related flowers.