Aerobic Composting And Matrix Development Of Livestock And Poultry Manure And Garden Waste

The amount of agricultural waste,such as livestock and poultry manure,straw and and garden wastes,is huge in China,which is the most productive country in the world.However,most of the agricultural and garden wastes have not been utilized as resources,which has a great negative impact on the environment.Agricultural and garden wastes are rich in organic matter and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and nutrients,and have great potential for resource utilization.However,the composition of agricultural and garden wastes are complex,and there are harmful substances,which need to be treated for resource utilization.Composting means have low cost and controllable process,which has become an important means for processing agricultural and garden wastes.In this study,high-temperature aerobic compost fermentation technology was used to treat livestock and poultry manure and garden wastes harmlessly,and then the research development of vegetable and flower seedling substrates were carried out.The main research results are follows:In the treatment of livestock and poultry manure,the technology of the ectopic microbial fermentation bed was used to treat livestock and poultry with sawdust and rice husks as cushion.The fermentation process,physicochemical properties of fermentation products and the absorption capacity of livestock and poultry were compared in different bedding ratios,and then research the vegetable seedling substrate of fermented products.The results showed that in the ectopic fermentation bed model of livestock and poultry manure,the cushion bed was maintained at 70%moisture content,and each cushion was able to ferment normally.The high temperature period above 55℃ of the cushion has been maintained for more than 20 days,and the highest temperature of the rice husk cushion has reached 69.5℃.The fermentation process of litter is maintained in a weakly alkaline environment.As the fermentation time increased,the organic carbon content of different cushion did not change much,the nitrogen content continued to decrease,and the phosphorus and potassium content increased.The capacity of sawdust to absorb livestock and poultry was 0.73m3/m3.which is about twice that of rice husk.The results of vegetable seeding from different cushion fermentation products showed that the emergence rates of tomato and cabbage with sawdust cushion supplemented substrates ranged from 94.32 to 96.38%,93.19 to 94.45%,and plant height ranges were 7.00 to 14.03cm,3.40 to 8.43cm.The germination rate of tomato and cabbage of rice husk cushion supplemented matrix ranges from 64.53 to 90.37%,52.34 to 88.46%,and the plant height ranges from 1.60 to 4.17 cm and 1.30 to 3.90cm respectively,the effect of whole sports seedlings are worse than that of sawdust litter compound matrix.In the treatment of garden waste and river pond sediments,firstly,the crushed garden wastes were composted and fermented,and then mixed with the dried and crushed river pond sediments for the development of flower seedling substrate.The results show that,in the case of supplementary materials such as nitrogen and microbial inoculant,the high temperature stage maintenance time is 40 days,and the maximum temperature is 75.4℃.The pH value of the reactor increased from 8.05 to 9.05,and the EC value decreased from 0.95 to 0.63mS/cm.The content of organic matter and total potassium of the compost decreased,and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased,and the total nutrient content of the composting products increased slightly to 20.30g/kg.Judging from the color,temperature,humic acid and seed germination rate of the pile,the pile has reached basic maturity conditions.The composting products was mixed with sediment,peat,and perlite,and the seedling test results of Viola cornuta and Leucanthemum maximum showed that among substrates of garden waste compost products and sediment mixed in different proportions,the germination rates of Viola cornuta and Leucanthemum maximum ranged from 47.00%～86.67%and 45.67%～55.67%,which were correspondingly higher than%those of CK treatment.The germination rate is the highest when the addition rate of garden waste compost products is 70%and 50%respectively,while the germination rate is the lowest when the addition rate is 0%.Among substrates of garden waste compost products and sediment mixed in different proportions,the total fresh weight of the hundred strains of Viola cornuta ranges from 2.02 to 6.40g,the minimum fresh weight is the substrates of 40%addition rate of garden waste compost products while the maximum fresh weight is the substrates of 0%addition rate of garden waste compost products,and CK is 16.89g;the total fresh weight of the hundred strains of Leucanthemum maximum is 1.54 to 11.77g,the minimum fresh weight is the substrates of 60%addition rate of garden waste compost products while the maximum is the substrates of 0%addition rate of garden waste compost products,and CK is 31.27g.The composting treatment method for livestock and poultry manure and garden waste is technically feasible,and the process is easy to control and operate.Sawdust has better absorption capacity of livestock and poultry manure than rice husk and it is more suitable as bedding material for fermentation,and has a better seedling effect than rice husk;garden waste composting products have certain limitations in the development of flower substrate.