| With the transformation of rice from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented,it has become a necessity to pursue diverse and high-quality development and.At the same time,quality and benefit will be achieved by maintaining a balanced gross supply and demand in rice.In warm temperate zone,Xinbin County in Fushun,Liaoning Province belongs to humid area,where Continental monsoon climate is truly suitable for high-quality rice production for its good condition.In Xinbin County,the area under corn cultivation covers about 6670 hectares,with Wuyoudao 4(a type of scented rice)as the main plant variety.The“Xinbin Rice”produced there enjoys uniformity,rich nutrition and rich micronutrients.On January 17,2019,Xinbin rice has won the National Geographical Indications Registration Protection ratified by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of The People’s Republic of China.However,there are problems in the production process such as imbalance of mechanization,incoordination of agricultural machinery and agronomy,excessive fertilizer consumption and serious lodging.In order to explore a model with high-quality and efficient mechanized cultivation technology confronting local production conditions,this experiment uses a plentiful number of local high-quality rice varieties,Wuyoudao 4 as the material trials.Considering transplanting method,transplanting density,nitrogen fertilizer reduction,silicon fertilizer increment,growth regulators and micro-fertilizers,the effect on rice yield and rice quality was studied,and a new model was constructed for high-quality and efficient mechanized cultivation technology in Xinbin County.The main findings are as follows:1.On the basis of the studies on planting methods and density,it is found that transplanting potted rice seedlings contributes to more yields than blanket-seedlings.The appearance and nutrition of rice has also been improved.The highest yield was obtained under the spacing of30cm×18cm,the best appearance quality and nutritional quality were obtained under the spacing of 30cm×14cm,and the highest taste value was obtained under the spacing of30cm×16cm.According to the RVA characteristic spectrum,the rice presented better softness,viscosity and palatability under this spacing of 30cm×16cm.2.By comparing nitrogen fertilizer reduction between the last five-leaf and last four-leaf period at milk stage,it is found that the yield of reducing nitrogen fertilizer during the last five-leaf period is higher than the normal one,and the highest yield is the 20%reduction in nitrogen during the last four-leaf period.In terms of quality traits,the reduction in application of nitrogen fertilizer has lowered the appearance and nutritional;regarding cooking and eating,these two varieties had the highest taste value in the control group,the higher amylose content and taste value of the four groups of the two varieties under reducing nitrogen treatment than the normal nitrogen application.The RVA characteristic spectrum shows that RVA profile character is excellent in 30%of nitrogen reduction.3.The results showed that the increment of silicon fertilizer application amount boosts the yield,and the yield reached the highest under the treatment of 210kg/hm2.Under the treatment of 150kg/hm2,the appearance quality was the best,and the nutritional quality and cooking and eating quality were the finest under the treatment of 30kg/hm2.RVA characteristic spectrum also showed that the rice was soft,sticky and palatable under the treatment of 30kg/hm2.4.Through the experiment of spraying 0.01%of brassinolide,it was found that spraying brassinolide attributed to higher yield by mainly increasing the effective panicles per unit area and the number of grains per panicle.The yield of rice reaches the best under the concentration of 0.01%of brassinolide diluted by 4000 times.In quality traits,spraying brassinolide had lowered appearance quality and reduced cooking and eating quality,but improved nutritional quality.5.Compared four kinds of foliar fertilizer,it was found that the highest yield was obtained by spraying Penshibao fertilizer.The appearance quality was the best by Fumeijiali fertilizer.The nutritional quality and cooking and eating quality were the best under the treatment of spraying Penshibao fertilizer.According to the RVA characteristic spectrum,it was found that the rice was soft,sticky and palatable treated by Penshibao fertilizer.In order to produce more benefits in actual production,different cultivation methods should be adopted according to the needs.After sorting out all the experimental data,it was concluded that pot seedling machine had obvious advantages over blanket seedling machine in both rice yield and rice quality.Different seedling density could bring different planting advantages.Seedling density had the highest yield under 30cm×18cm,appearance quality and nutritional quality were the best under 30cm×14cm,cooking and eating quality and RVA characteristic spectrum were excellent under 30cm×16cm.A 20%reduction in nitrogen application in the inverted four-leaf stage can bring an advantage in yield,while the normal nitrogen application in the inverted four-leaf stage has the best appearance quality.Different amounts of silicon fertilizer can also bring different planting advantages.The yield of silicon fertilizer under 210kg/hm~2 treatment was the highest,the appearance quality was the best under150kg/hm~2 treatment,and the nutrition quality,cooking and eating quality and RVA characteristic spectrum were excellent under 30kg/hm~2treatment.Among the foliar fertilizer,the application of bao foliar fertilizer had the most obvious effect on rice yield and quality improvement.Spraying 0.01%brassinolide significantly increased the yield,and the yield was the highest under the concentration of 0.01%brassinolide diluted 4000 times. |
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