Effects Of Different Preparation Methods On Silage Quality Of Feed Oat

At present,it is a shortage of high-quality forage grass,especially high-quality protein feed resources.Reasonably optimizing the use of forage resources and exploiting new high-quality protein feeds are important to guarantees for the healthy development of animal husbandry and alleviating the shortage of feed.Oats is a kind of forage with high yield and strong adaptability.This experiment uses oats as material,adding formic acid and lactic acid bacteria to improve its silage quality under two water conditions,and also using hybrid mulberry,feed mulberry and oats mixed silage in different proportions,improving the protein content and quality of silage forage,and increasing the utilization rate of high-protein feed resources such as paper mulberry and forage mulberry.The results are as follows:（1）The effect of different water content and additives on the quality of oat silage: In this study,formic acid（FA）and two lactic acid bacteria（F1,laboratory screening Lactobacillus plantarum;GFJ,commercial Lactobacillus plantarum）were added to oats.Under 75% and 65% moisture conditions,samples were taken at 30 and 60 days to study the quality of oat silage.Dry matter of the FA,F1 and GFJ treatment groups was higher than CK,while the fiber components（NDF,ADF and hemicellulose）were lower than CK;and except for the FA group,the other groups basically decreased with the increase of fermentation time;the protein content of F1 and GFJ was higher than that of CK,the protein content of the treatment group（75% moisture,60 days）was significantly higher than that of CK（P<0.05）;Additive treatment has a very significant effect on the fermentation quality of oat silage（pH,lactic acid content,propionic acid content,lactic acid/acetic acid,ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen）（P<0.001）,and the interaction of different additives and moisture content has a significant effect on pH Significant impact（P<0.001）,and the pH of F1 and GFJ group was significantly lower than that of CK and FA group（P< 0.05）,F1 had the lowest pH which（65% moisture,60 days）was 3.89;At 60 days,the lactic acid content of the F1 and GFJ treatment groups was significantly higher than CK and FA（P<0.05）,and the NH₃-N/TN of the FA,F1 and GFJ treatment groups was significantly lower than CK（P<0.05）;And additive treatment has a very significant impact on the number of lactic acid bacteria（P<0.001）,and the interaction between additive treatment and moisture content has a significant impact on it（P<0.05）,the treatment group had a higher number of lactic acid bacteria and a lower number of coliform bacteria;For oat silage with different moisture content,the DNF,ADF,hemicellulose content and pH value of 75% water content are significantly lower than 65% water content（P<0.05）,therefore,the fermentation quality,nutritional quality of high moisture（75%）is better than low moisture（65%）.Moreover,the NDF,ADF,hemicellulose and pH of oat silage at 60 days were slightly lower than 30 days,the lactic acid content of oat silage at 60 days was significantly higher than that of 30 days（P<0.05）,and the content of propionic acid at 60 days was extremely significantly lower than 30 days（P<0.01）.（2）Study on the fermentation quality of oat and woody feed mixed silage: In this study,oats,paper mulberry and feed mulberry mixed silage in different ratios（oat and woody feed 5:5,7:3,1:7,1:9,9:1 mixed silage）to improve the quality of silage.In mixed silage,with the decrease of the mixing ratio of oats,the content of NDF and ADF decreased significantly（P<0.05）,and the protein content of silage showed a significant increase（P<0.05）.The mixing ratio of oats and woody feed 1:9 has the lowest fiber component and the highest protein content;For the mixed silage of paper mulberry and oats,the pH value of the 1:9 and 9:1 groups was significantly lower than that of the silage of oats and paper mulberry alone（P<0.05）,which 1:9 had the lowest pH（4.45）.The pH of the mulberry and oats mixed silage group was significantly lower than that of the oat silage alone（P<0.05）,and the pH value of the 5:5 group was the lowest（4.2）,and the lactic acid had similar changing trend with pH;About the NH₃-N/TN,the proportion of oat single storage group was the highest,reaching 7.32%,while other treatment groups are significantly lower than the oat single storage（P<0.05）;Compared with oat single storage,partial mixed treatment significantly improves the relative feed value of the silage.The results indicated that the group of oats and paper mulberry 1:9 and oats and mulberry 5:5 significantly improved the nutritional content,fermentation quality and relative feeding value of oat silage.Considering the fermentation quality and nutrients of silage and the utilization of woody feed,the 1:9 group of oats and paper mulberry is better than other groups,and the 5:5 group of oats and feed is better than other groups.In summary,the main conclusions of this study are as follows: The three additives can improve the quality of oat silage to a certain extent under two moisture conditions.The quality of oat silage treated with two lactic acid bacteria is better.The quality of oat silage with high moisture content of 75% is better than 65%.Additives and high moisture content The effect of interaction on oat silage is better than that of additives and low moisture.The optimum time for silage is 60 days.Therefore,the oats in this experiment are suitable for adding lactic acid bacteria to silage under 75% moisture for 60 days.About the mixed silage of oats and woody feed,the best mixing ratio is oats: paper mulberry 1:9 and oats: feed mulberry 5:5.