Research On Agricultural Water Use Efficiency And Influencing Factors In The Yellow River Basin

The shortage of water resources and serious pollution of agricultural have become important factors restricting the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Focusing on the efficiency of agricultural water use conforms to the development concept of "ecology first,green development,Dependence on water,Acting on water "development concept,and is related to national food security,agriculture healthy development,and other issues concerned with national economy and people’s livelihood,as a result,it is crucial to promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2009 to 2017,this paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the agricultural water efficiency of the Yellow River Basin.From the countrywide perspectives,each section of the river basin,and the provinces within the basin,the dynamic characteristics of the Yellow River Basin’s agricultural water use efficiency are studied,Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors as well as isolate the key factors that affect agricultural water use efficiency.In order to seek for a different countermeasures to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use,the temporal and spatial geographic weighting model(GTWR)was introduced to explore the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of key influencing factors,and deeply analyze the dynamic evolution of influencing factors and the agricultural water efficiency of various regions from a micro perspective Leading factors.The following initial progress are listed as follows:(1)The Yellow River Basin and the national agricultural water use efficiency change trend is roughly the same,showing a fluctuating decline,but the decline in the Yellow River Basin is even greater;the overall average efficiency of the middle and upper reaches,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the basin are 0.850,1.152,0.985,respectively.In comparison,the efficiency in the upper and middle reaches is lower and the decline is more significant.Specifically,the average efficiency of Qinghai,Shandong,Shaanxi,Henan and Sichuan is above 1.Among them,Shaanxi has the highest water efficiency,but there is a significant downward trend.Sichuan and Shandong use water.There are varying degrees of decline in efficiency.Qinghai and Henan have slightly improved water use efficiency.The average efficiency of other provinces is less than 1.Among them,Gansu’s agricultural water use efficiency is the lowest and shows a steady decline.The water use efficiency of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi is relatively low,showing a downward trend year by year.Ningxia’s water use efficiency is relatively high but fluctuates and declines.(2)Water supply structure,water-saving irrigation technology,annual precipitation,water use structure,and agricultural planting structure all have different degrees of significant impact on agricultural water use efficiency.Among them,the impact of agricultural planting Herfindahl index is not in line with expectations,indicating that farmer’s water saving awareness is generally low,and agricultural water saving is not fully considered when agricultural production is carried out.Instead,they were driven by profit to grow more cash crops.(3)From the perspective of the evolution trend of factors affecting agricultural water use efficiency,agricultural planting structure shows a long-term and stable negative effect on water use efficiency.The negative effect of annual precipitation and water use structure on water use efficiency continues to increase,the positive impact of water-saving irrigation technology is continuously increasing,the promotion effect of the water supply structure first weakens and then increases.(4)From the perspective of the spatial distribution of factors affecting agricultural water use efficiency,the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin are mainly affected by the proportion of groundwater,the proportion of agricultural water,water-saving irrigation techniques and agricultural planting structure,and the downstream areas are mainly influenced by annual precipitation and agricultural planting structure.The midstream areas are impacted by the combined effects of six influencing factors.(5)The strategies for improving agricultural water use efficiency in different provinces and regions are different due to the variation in the structure of influencing factors:effective measures to improve agricultural water use efficiency in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia are to promote the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities,enhance farmers’ awareness of water conservation,and adjust the agricultural planting structure;The way out for Shaanxi is to develop water-saving irrigation,optimize the proportion of agricultural planting.The necessary measures in Shanxi are to improve the development level of water-saving irrigation and reduce the sown area of food crops.Gansu needs to devote itself to the introduction,application and popularization of water-saving irrigation technology,and to improve the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities.The effective way in Sichuan is to adjust the water structure.The key to Shandong is to improve farmers’ awareness of water conservation.Qinghai and Henan need to comprehensively consider the endowment of water resources,water supply structure,water use structure,water-saving irrigation technology and agricultural planting structure.The results of the research are helpful to formulate different countermeasures for agricultural water use efficiency in different regions.