| Mulberry planting and sericulture has a long history in China.For thousands of years,the products of mulberry trees needed in the silkworm industry are mostly mulberry leaves,ignoring the utilization value of mulberry fruits.With the continuous innovation and development of sericulture industry,some fruit mulberry varieties and fruit leaf mulberry varieties have been selected and popularized by researchers,put into production and application,and achieved good economic benefits.Among them,Dashi,Hongguo NO.2 and Baiyuwang are the three largest Mulberry Varieties in Henan Province.At present,China’s mulberry industry is implementing the development strategy of moving mulberry from east to west and from south to north.The fruit mulberry industry has the unique advantages of short,flat,fast,continuous income increase effect,especially in the context of targeted poverty alleviation,as the development of poverty alleviation industry in many regions,it has achieved good poverty alleviation effect.Taking the fruit mulberry Industrial Park of Jiaocun town in Ruzhou city of Henan Province as the research object,this paper carried out the research on the selection of mulberry varieties,the comprehensive development and utilization of fruit mulberry Park in Jiaocun town and the development of fruit mulberry industry in Jiaocun town.Based on the investigation of the three most common mulberry varieties planted in the industrial park in Henan Province,the variety selection and planting area of the three varieties in different types of mulberry orchards were discussed by means of comparative analysis;The planting density of different types of mulberry garden was studied by experiment;The comprehensive development and utilization direction and benefit of fruit mulberry garden in Jiaocun town were shown by investigation;This paper summarizes the advantages,opportunities,risks,development modes and effects of developing fruit mulberry industry in Jiaocun Town,and puts forward countermeasures to deal with the risks.It is expected that this study can provide theoretical and practical reference for the development of fruit mulberry industry in Henan Province.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The yield of fruit and leaf of Dashi was 5.09 kg/plant and 5.04 kg/plant respectively,the content of soluble solid was 12.79%,and the total content of amino acid was 13.63 g/kg.The content of basic nutrients was good in general.It could be eaten fresh or processed,but it was susceptible to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.The fruit yield of Hongguo 2 was 14.85 kg/plant,the total acid content was 1.21 g/kg,and the acidity was the highest among the three varieties,which was more suitable for product processing.Baiyuwang has the highest sweetness and the total sugar content is 0.87g/kg.Due to the low overall yield of mulberry,Baiyuwang has no processing and utilization value.However,Baiyuwang is an uncommon fruit in the market circulation because of its white and purplish mulberry fruit color,and its taste is sweet and sweet,which is popular with picking tourists.Therefore,when the mulberry garden was built,the production type mulberry garden should be mainly planted with Dashi,and Hongguo NO.2 should be used as the matching variety;In the mulberry garden with the combination of production and sightseeing,Dashi should be the main variety,Hongguo NO.2 and Baiyuwang should be the matching varieties,and Baiyuwang’s planting area should be slightly less than Dashi and Hongguo NO.2.(2)The fruit mulberry ratio of 1.2 m × 4.0 m plant row spacing was the fruit setting rate of mulberry planted with row 1.2 m × 2.0 m spacing was 2.69%,the plant yield was 2.02 kg,the fruit utilization rate was 14.49%,and the fruit drop was 0.40 kg/plant.The mulberry garden with the combination of sightseeing picking and processing should be The fruit mulberry ratio of 1.2 m × 4.0 m.The mulberry garden with the combination of sightseeing picking,processing and utilization should be divided into different areas,which can be used for sightseeing and processing.In order to avoid a large number of fruit falling,the spacing between trees and rows should be widened appropriately,with the spacing of 1.2 m × 4.0 m is the best,and the spacing between plants and rows can be reduced appropriately in order to improve the yield in the processing and utilization area,and the spacing between plants and rows is 1.2 m × 2.0m～1.2m × 4.0m is better.(3)Jiaocun fruit and mulberry garden harvests mulberry products and carries out comprehensive development and utilization,so as to obtain the economic benefits of fresh food sales,sightseeing picking,processing mulberry juice,dry red,mulberry leaf tea and mulberry leaf vegetables,making culture medium with dry mulberry branches and cultivating edible fungi of mulberry branches.From 2018 to 2020,the total(gross profit)of 932300 yuan,1805500 yuan and 1953300 yuan were harvested respectively,showing an increasing state year by year.The comprehensive utilization of fruit and mulberry has higher economic benefits.(4)The fruit mulberry industry has long chain,many branches,quick effect and high efficiency.Jiaocun town has obvious advantages in developing fruit mulberry industry,such as obvious location advantage and policy support of producing area.Based on the transformation of current consumption concept,transformation and upgrading of agricultural industry and the construction of platform for new Internet formats,it takes the development mode of "leading enterprise+base+farmers" to make full use of mulberry,mulberry leaf and mulberry branch,Mulberry picking,fresh food sales,mulberry primary and deep processing,mulberry edible fungi and medicinal fungi market development and other industrial branches will be formed to realize the integration of the three industries,solve the local poverty problem,and have broad market prospects.But in addition,there are disadvantages such as more one-time investment,low labor-saving degree of the park,limited range of people attracted by mulberry picking,limited development of product intensive processing,difficulties in market expansion of processed products,and risks in production,technology,market,etc. |
