Study On The Effect Of Fertilizer Application On The Yield And Quality Of Barley

Fertilizer types,amounts and application methods are the main cultivation techniques in crop production and are important strategies to regulate crop yield and quality.Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world.According to different usages,barley is classified into malting barley,food barley and feeding barley.The grain quality of barley used for different purposes is different.To further improve the special quality of barley raw materials,the effects of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rates on the yield,grain protein content and malt quality were studied with the malting barley Yangnongpi 7.Meanwhile,the effects of fertilization methods on the yield,grain protein content and malt quality of Yangnongpi 7 and Yangsimai 3 were investigated.The main findings are as follows:1.The yield of Yangnongpi 7 was improved more significant by increasing nitrogen fertilizer than potassium fertilizer.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level,the yield of Yangnongpi 7 was increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer,but the difference of yield increase was not significant.The path analysis showed that the improved yield of Yangnongpi 7 by the combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was mainly achieved via increasing the number of spikes per unit area and the number of grains per spikes.The grain protein content could be improved by increasing the amount of nitrogen or potassium fertilizer.The effects of combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on grain protein content varied among different experimental years.2.The regulation effect of nitrogen fertilizer on malt quality was significantly greater than that of potassium fertilizer.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,malt a amino nitrogen and diastatic power showed a gradual upward trend,while malt brittleness,extract,and Kulbach index presented an opposite trend.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level,with the increase of potassium fertilizer application,malt α amino nitrogen and distatic power showed a gradual upward trend,but the other malt quality traits did not change significantly.Based on the comprehensive analysis of yield traits,grain quality traits and malt quality traits of Yangnongpi 7,the optimum fertilizer application for high-quality and high-yield should be pure nitrogen 150kg/hm2,and K2O 75 kg/hm2～150 kg/hm2.3.Based on the comprehensive analysis of yield traits,grain quality traits and malt quality traits of Yangnongpi 7 and Yangsimai 3,Early application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote effective tiller number and increase the number of spikes of barley,thus increase the yield.In the breeding of barley,it is necessary to select the varieties with high and stable thousand kernel weigh under different years,different fertilizer types and application methods.the grain protein content could be improved by increasing the nitrogen content of jointing fertilizer,and the grain excessively high protein content can be effectively prevented by appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer after jointing,which ensure the grain protein content was in line with the grain protein content standard of high-quality beer barley.4.Under the same fertilization method,the malt quality indicators of Yangnongpi 7 were better than those of Yangsimai 3.Under the fertilization method of pure nitrogen 228 kg/hm2,basal urea 150 kg/hm2,compound fertilizer 375 kg/hm2,seedling fertilizer 75 kg/hm2,jointing fertilizer urea 75 kg/hm2 and compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm2,Yangnongpi 7 had higher yield 7285.12～7820.58 kg/hm2,better quality traits and lower grain protein content.The grain yield and grain protein content of Yangsimai 3 was higher under the fertilization method of pure nitrogen 211.5 kg/hm2,basal urea 75 kg/hm2 and compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2,joining fertilizer urea 112.5 kg/hm2 and compound fertilizer 375 kg/hm2.Yangsimai 3 can only be used as feed or food barley raw material,but is not suitable for the production of high quality barley raw material for beer.