Malting Barley Good Quality And High Yield Cultivation Technique Research In Xinjiang

The improvement of yield and quality of beer barley have direct and close relations with the breed improvement.Besides,the suitable cultivation technology plays an important role in the high quality and high yield of beer barley.In this study,the experiment was carried out in wheat and barley experimental station of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences at Qitai in 2015.The main cultivars of beer barley,Ganpi 4,Kenpi 7,Xinpi 4 and Xinpi 8,were used as test materials in order to study effects of sowing date,sowing density,nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application period on growth stage,main agronomic traits,grain yield and protein content of beer barley.To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the scientific development of beer barley cultivation system in Xinjiang.the main results were as follows:1.Effects of sowing date on yield and protein content of beer barley: With the gradual postponement of sowing date,emergence period,heading date and maturity period were delayed,and the number of days of growth period was shortened.Besides,there was no significant change in basic seedings.But the gradual postponement of sowing date decreased the highest total number of stems and the number of effective panicles decreased gradually and the later decreased significantly as well as plant height,panicle length,grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight.Furthermore the effect of sowing date on yield and protein content reached a significant level,the former decreased and the later increased with the delay of sowing date.Therefore,suitable early sowing should be taken to improve the yield and quality of production.2.Effects of sowing density on yield and protein content of beer barley: With the increase of seeding density,there was no effect on seedling emergence stage.However,the heading and maturation had some effect,but the difference was not significant.The increase of seeding density decreased the number of days of growth period and the tiller rate,increased the number of basic seedlings and the highest total number.But the number of effective panicles increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of seeding density.Moreover,with the increase of seeding density,the plant height firstly increased and then decreased,and the ear length,the number of grains per spike and thousand-grain weight decreased gradually.Among of them the effect sowing density on ear length was the greatest.In addition,the effect of sowing density on yield and protein content reached a significant level.With the increase of sowing density,the yield increased firstly and then decreased,while the protein content decreased firstly and then increased.The sowing density should be controlled at 375~450 /hm2 to improve the yield and quality,.3.Effect of nitrogen application on yield and protein content of beer barley: The increase of nitrogen application had no effect on the seedling stage and basic seedlings.But with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the of days of growth period was prolonged,especially the heading and maturity were delayed.Besides,there was no significant difference in the basic seedling,but the highest total number of stems and the number of effective spikes increased first and then decreased,and finally increased slowly with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.Furthermore,the increase of nitrogen application increased the plant height,but the ear length,grain number of main spike and thousand-grain weight did not have the same change rule,and had the greatest effect on spike length.The yield and protein content increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Thus nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled at 225 kg /hm2 to improve the yield and quality in production.4.Effects of nitrogen application time on yield and protein content of beer barley: There was no effect on the seedling stage with the delay of nitrogen application time,but which had a certain effect on heading date and maturity stage.The change regular of the number of days of growth period is basically the same.Nitrogen application time have no significant difference in the basic seedling,but have significantly different in the highest total stem number and effective panicle number.In particular,the highest total stem number and effective panicle number firstly increased and then decreased with the delay of nitrogen application period.The application time of nitrogen fertilizer had some effects on plant height,ear length,grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight,but the difference was not significant.With the delay of nitrogen application,the yield was firstly increased and then decreased,but the change of protein content was opposite to it.The optimum application period of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled in the period from two leaves to jointing stage to improve the yield and quality.