| Faba bean is an annual herbal legume crop,belonging to the genus Nestle of the butterfly flower subfamily of Leguminosae.Faba bean is widely planted in the world because of its rich nutrient components and good role in the structure of planting industry.Winter sowing faba bean has a longer growth period.Artificial vernalization technology can shorten the growth period,obviously advance the time of fresh faba bean pods on the market,increase the selling price,bring good economic benefits and make land for the next crop as soon as possible.Therefore,artificial vernalization is very effective for early and efficient cultivation of faba bean.The research on vernalization of faba bean in China has just started.The current practice shows that artificial vernalization has a good efffect on shortening the whole growth period of faba bean and early flowering and podding period of faba bean.However,there is no systematic study on it,including selection of suitable germplasm,vernalization intensity,excavation and identification of related genes.In order to increase the integrity and systematicness of the theory of vernalization of faba bean and further enrich the theoretical connotation and practical examples of vernalization of crops,this study was carried out.In this paper,190 faba bean germplasm collected by Institute of Economic Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as materials to study the genetic diversity of Main agronomic traits of faba bean germplasm and determine the correlation between agronomic traits.At the same time,80 excellent faba bean germplasms from different regions were selected for artificial vernalization treatment.Four different vernalization treatments(4℃,0d;4℃,7d;4℃,14d;4℃,21d)were set up to observe the flowering time of faba bean plants after artificial vernalization,analyze the phenotypic differences of different germplasm under different vernalization treatments,and select germplasm suitable for artificial vernalization in Jiangsu Province.In addition,vernalization treatment has a great influence on the flowering time and development status of faba bean.In this study,the mechanism of vernalization of faba bean was preliminarily discussed at the molecular level.The main results are as follows:(1)The faba bean germplasm in this batch have abundant genetic diversity,among which the variation coefficient of grain weight per plant is 46.84%,and that of the days from sowing to pod beginning is 0.73%.Grey correlation analysis and correlation analysis show that pod number per plant and branch number are two main factors affecting grain weight per plant.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 78.335%,reflecting the phenotypic characteristics of 190 faba bean germplasm to a large extent.Cluster analysis classified 190 faba bean germplasm into five groups at 4.9 genetic distance.Therefore,attention should be paid to the selection of high-stalk and large-grain type.(2)Different germplasm showed different response degree to vernalization,and the difference of response degree was not related to the regional origin of varieties.There are 40 germplasm suitable for 7 days of vernalization,9 germplasm suitable for 14 days of vernalization and 31 germplasm suitable for 21 days of vernalization.A suitable germplasm resource V26,11-111 from Nantong,Jiangsu Province,was selected for artificial Vernalization in Jiangsu Province.(3)In our research,VfSOC1 of faba bean was obtained using homology-based cloning,and the result shows that VfSOC1 encodes a 26.004 kDa protein with 226 amino acid residues.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VfSOC1 is closely related with MtSOCl of Medicago truncatula.The result of subcellular localization showed that VfSOC1 was detected in the cell membrane and nucleus.qPCR was performed,and the result showed that the expression level of VfSOC1 of leaves was higher than other tissues.Expression level of VfSOC1 was increasing as the time of vernalization treatment(4℃)extended(0 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d),and the gene still keep higher expressed after transferring the plants into room temperature(21℃).Our results provided preliminary evidence of that VfSOC1 is a vernalization related gene in faba bean.Based on the collection of faba bean germplasm,the main agronomic characters and vernalization treatment results were observed and analyzed,which provided a reference for inbred line selection and parent selection in the next breeding work of faba bean.In addition,SOC1 gene of faba bean was cloned in this study,which laid a foundation for further study of its function. |
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