Effects Of Biochar-based Conditioners On Soil Quality And Plant Growth Of Grape,Ginseng

With the rapid development of the economy,the standard of living has improved significantly,people’s demands for quality of life have become higher,and the demand for health care and health care products has also increased dramatically.High-value nutritional crops such as wine grapes and ginseng are the main raw materials for health preservation and health care products,while high-value nutritional crops usually have long growth cycle,low yield,high requirements on soil conditions and planting environment,and consume a lot of manpower and material resources.Excessive use of fertilizers and low fertilizer utilization have a negative impact on soil quality and crop growth,such as soil compaction,acidification,and crop quality degradation.How to apply fertilizer efficiently?How to improve soil quality and improve soil fertility?How can we promote crop growth while improving crop quality?These are all problems that need to be solved in the development of high-value nutritional crops.Biomass pyrolysis can release active organic products,which have the function of stimulating plants growth and regulating plants metabolic activity.These organics existed as wood vinegar of cooled volatile matter and as dissolved or adsorped organic molecules in biochar.A large number of experiments have shown that the application of biochar can improve soil quality,increase soil fertility and crop productivity,but most of the experiments are based on food crop research,while the research on the impact of biochar application on high-value nutritional crops is still less reported.Therefore,the application of agricultural biochar materials to the soil of high-value nutrient crops can provide new agricultural production materials for these high-value nutritional crops,promote the production and application of agricultural waste biochar,and promote the development of agricultural biomass industry.In this study,biochar-related products such as biochar,biochar-based soil conditioner,biochar fertilizer and foliar conditioner were used as experimental materials.Grape and ginseng were used as research objects,and biochar-related products were verified by field experiment.The application results of related products on two high-value nutritional crops are as follows:(1)Biochar-based conditioners of grape field experiments showed that the application of biochar-based soil conditioner increased soil pH by 13.18%,significantly increasing soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(increased by 15%to 36%).The application of biochar-based soil conditioner and foliar conditioner agent can increase the leaf weight and fruit weight of the wine-growing grape,which increased by 15.78%～17.87%and 20%～22.11%,respectively,and also significantly increased the Vc concentration of the grape(63.55%～72.34%).Therefore,the application of biochar-based soil conditioner can improve the soil fertility of grape orchard and the nutritional quality of mountain grapes.At the same time,the biochar-based foliar conditioner agent is slightly inferior to the biochar-based soil conditioner agent,but similar to the commercial growth regulator;it can be seen that the suitable concentration of straw vinegar can be used as a foliar conditioner agent in the cultivation of wine-growing grapes.(2)The new ginseng field test of biochar-based conditioners showed that biochar combined with biochar fertilizer could significantly increase soil moisture content by 13.97%～31.36%,increase soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(23%～180%),and improve soil enzyme activity.Moreover the application of biochar-based soil conditioner and biochar can increase the plant height of ginseng(28.56%～53.78%),leaf weight(71.43%～85.71%),the root thickness(18.29%～21.06%)and the single biomass(86.7%～126.7%),and also significantly increase the saponin content of ginseng.Therefore,the application of biochar with biochar fertilizer can increase the soil fertility of new ginseng field and promote the growth of ginseng seedlings.At the same time,the biochar-based soil conditioner has a better effect on the growth of ginseng and the quality of ginseng.It can be seen that the biochar-based soil conditioner has greater potential for application in ginseng cultivation.(3)The old ginseng field test of biochar-based conditioners showed that different biochar combined with biochar fertilizer could increase soil pH,water content,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium(by 4.5%～134%).At the same time,it can effectively activate soil enzymes,and increase the SPAD of ginseng aboveground leaves(26.06%～33.33%),the root length(4.59%～7.38%),and the single biomass(25.12%～27.2%).Among all other treatments,corn straw biochar and biochar fertilizer significantly increased the content of ginseng monomer saponin Rb2.Therefore,biochar combined with biochar fertilizer can improve soil quality,improve soil fertility,and promote ginseng growth,but has little effect on ginseng quality.Among them,the application effect of corn straw biochar is better than wood biochar,and the short-term effect shows that it is more suitable for soil improvement of old ginseng field.