Influences Of Application Of Biochar And Biochar-Based Compound Fertilizer On Carbon Component And Active On Brown Soil

Most researches on biochar and its subsidiary agricultural products are short-term tests, simulation tests and culture tests, and mainly traditional fertilization methods currently. This study aims to explore the effects of biochar and biochar-based compound fertilizer on soil organic carbon pool and the activity of soil enemy, and the mechanism of their effects. It was better to know the effect of biochar on agriculture. Experiment began in the year of 2009, micro-experiment about peanut last for six consecutive years. There are four treatments, such as straw +NPK(CS), pig manure+NPK(PMC), biochar+NPK(BIO) and biochar-based compound fertilization(BF). Catalase, invertase, urease, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents in soil were measured before sowing and peanut growth period in 2014. Aggregates of>2mm、2-0.25mm and< 0.25mm, organic carbon, active organic carbon components and dissolved organic carbon were measured at soil before sowing, flower pin and harvest. At the same time, the content of active organic carbon in soil and organic carbon components were measured before planting and after six consecutive years. Then the changed value of the carbon management index were calculated. The main results show that:1. Soil organic carbon, active organic carbon content and carbon management index were increased by biochar, charcoal and traditional fertilization at six consecutive years. Compared with the traditional way, the effect of biochar was more prominent. But the effect on soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were weaker than the control. Because activity of organic carbon was mainly based on low active organic carbon. Biochar-based compound fertilize treatment in this fertilization has few effects on improving soil organic carbon, active organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and carbon pool management index.2. The increasing of soil carbon pool management index mainly owed to decomposition of organic material which improved the content of soil active organic carbon. According to the research on organic carbon in various size aggregates of soil, a variety of organic matters which were fertilized in soil were decomposed in 2-0.25mm size aggregates firstly; After a growth cycle of peanuts, active organic carbon mainly accumulated in> 2mm size of the aggregates by fertilizing biochar, charcoal basal fertilize and straw into soil, while active organic carbon mainly accumulated in <0.25mm size of the aggregates by fertilizing pig manure.3.There was a significant positive correlation between soluble organic carbon of soil and WMD and GMD of soil aggregates, while there was a significant positive correlation between soluble organic carbon and total organic carbon and high-active organic carbon. The results showed that organic carbon, high-active organic carbon and soluble organic carbon of soil aggregates can influence the stability of aggregates.4.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of soil big aggregate and the content of soil water. The distribution ratio of different size aggregates in different treatments and the changes of water content in soil can effect soil water holding capacity in different treatments. Compared to fertilizing pig manure and straw, biochar and Biochar-based compound fertilize treatment can be benefit to reducing soil bulk density, increasing soil water holding capacity, and capillary porosity. Compared to fertilizing straw into soil, biochar and charcoal basal fertilize can improve soil water in the condition of sufficient water; the adsorption capacity of biochar and Biochar-based compound fertilize to water were lower than pig manure and straw in the condition of water deficiency. Compared to fertilizing pig manure, biochar and straw in soil can improve the supply of soil water, but decrease holding capacity of soil water. While biochar-based compound fertilizer decreased supply of soil water and holding capacity of soil water.5. The content of soil water was related to the activity of soil enzyme and microbial, different enzymes has different responses to other relevant conditions of soil. So the activity of soil enzyme and microbia were different in different treatments. Compared with the traditional way of soil fertility, biochar suppressed the activity of catalase, improved the activity of sucrase, increased the content of soil soluble organic carbon in six consecutive years; biochar-based compound fertilizer suppressed the activity of catalase and sucrase, decreased the content of soil soluble organic carbon in six consecutive years; but biochar and biochar-based compound fertilizer has not effects on urease obviously in six consecutive years.