Demonstration Application Of Carbon-based Fertilizer In Fruit And Vegetable Production In Facilities

The output of straw and other biomass wastes in China’s agricultural development is increasing day by day.At the same time,the development of large-scale farming industry makes livestock and poultry wastes to concentrate.Its resource utilization has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China.How to realize its large-scale resource utilization has become the frontier direction of agricultural technology.Rural straw and livestock manure are the main sources of agricultural wastes,and their use has also attracted more and more attention.Biochar is a kind of highly aromatic and stable carbon-containing material formed by pyrolysis of biomass materials such as crop straw at high temperature.Previous studies have shown that biomass charcoal can improve soil texture,increase crop yield and nutritional value,fix carbon elements and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Therefore,the preparation of biochar based fertilizer by compound granulation of biomass carbon and inorganic fertilizer not only inherits the advantages of biomass carbon in improving the soil environment,but also improves nutrient utilization rate through fertilizer nutrients slow release,further promoting crop growth and yield.At the same time,the research shows that composting by mixing biomass charcoal and livestock manure in a certain proportion can not only effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen in the process of composting and improve the quality of finished compost products,but also as a carbon-based soil conditioner,can promote crop growth and increase crop yield(Huang Xiangdong et al.,2017;Yang Yuan et al.,2017).Therefore,in this study,biomass-based carbon fertilizer and carbon-based soil conditioner were used to study the effects of biomass-based carbon fertilizer on the yield and quality of vegetables and fruits in Sunlight Greenhouse in Ling bi County and Jian ping County respectively,and to explore the effects of carbon-based fertilizer and carbon-based organic fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer.The results are as follows:(1)The application of biochar based fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of tomato,pepper,garlic,zucchini and other vegetables tested.The results of greenhouse experiment showed that the nitrate content of vegetables treated with carbon-based fertilizer decreased significantly by 32.8%-44.6%,especially tomato;soluble protein content of vegetables increased by 21.0%-38,7%,especially pepper and tomato,which increased by 31.0%and 33.0%,respectively;soluble sugar content of vegetables increased by-15.0%-45.0%;application of carbon-based fertilizer increased the soluble protein content of all vegetables tested by 21.0%-38.7%.The content of vitamin C was 24.9%-33.0%.The content of allicin in garlic,and starch in potato increased by 9.8%and 18.0%respectively by applying carbon-based fertilizer.Carbon-based fertilizer significantly increased the nutrient uptake of vegetable crops.Compared with the conventional fertilization,nitrogen uptake increased by 2.5%-20.0%,phosphorus uptake increased by 2.0%-42.0%,and potassium uptake increased by 3.4%-37.0%.(2)The application of biochar based fertilizer can improve the yield,quality and nutrient content of melon and watermelon,and also increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Compared with the conventional fertilizer,the yield of melon and watermelon increased by 15.2%,and 13.8%;nitrate content decreased by 7.5%,and 24.0%;soluble protein content increased by 33.2%,and 63.0%;soluble sugar content increased by 34.7%,and 8.6%;vitamin C content increased by 27.5%,and 12.6%;SOD increased by 38.0%,and 30.0%;and MDA decreased by 17.9%,and 14.7%,respectively.At the same time,the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of melon and watermelon treated with carbon-based fertilizer was 287.1 kg·kg-1 and 427.9 kg·kg-1 rrespectively,which were 15.2%and 13.8%higher than those treated with chemical fertilizer.(3)The application of carbon-based soil conditioner could improve the growth indeces of tomato,such as stem diameter,plant height,chlorophyll and fruit longitudinal diameter.The main stem diameter increased by 20.0%,plant height increased by 18.0%,chlorophyll activity increased by 4.0%-6.1%,inflorescence number of panicles increased by 35.0%,panicle number increased by 17.0%,and fruit vertical diameter increased by 1.0%,thus effectively improving tomato yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the application of carbon-based soil conditioner significantly increased the tomato yield by 18.0%.Nitrate content decreased by 12.8%,soluble protein content increased by 51.0%,sugar-acid ratio increased by 31.0%,vitamin C increased by 27.2%,SOD content increased by 29.8%,and MDA content decreased by 9.2%.Carbon-based soil conditioner can increase tomato’s absorption of nitrogen and potassium by 3.0%and 8.2%respectively,and increase the total phosphorus by 49.0%,without significant difference.Carbon-based soil conditioner can significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties,increase the soil organic matter by 40.0%,and increase the soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 4.7%,25.8% and 42.0%respectively.