| Irrigation and water conservancy construction is the need of national strategic development and the important content of socialist economic construction.From1950 to 1979,the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Luoyang reflected the country’s emphasis on agricultural development and irrigation and water conservancy.To study the effect and experience of the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Luoyang is of great value not only to the history of farmland water resources,agriculture and Chinese society,but also to the current agricultural development and rural reform.In this paper,based on archives and local Chronicles data from 1950 to 1979 in luoyang area of farmland water conservancy construction situation has carried on the academic review,including the luoyang area,the basic natural conditions and its influence on irrigation and water conservancy construction,at the beginning of the founding of the luoyang area of farmland water conservancy construction situation and outstanding problems of farmland water conservancy construction,organization and management,the construction of the main process and measures,main engineering results,the positive impact of irrigation and water conservancy construction,the construction of the experience and shortage.From 1950 to 1979,Luoyang region carried out comprehensive irrigation and water conservancy construction.On the basis of weak irrigation and water conservancy,relying on the strength of the broad masses,comprehensive measures were taken for irrigation and water conservancy construction.After 30 years of construction,remarkable achievements have been made,a large number of various types of irrigation and water conservancy projects have been completed,significantly enhancing the agricultural benefits.In the long-term irrigation and water conservancy construction summed up some correct experience,but also appeared some serious impact on the construction of mistakes.The first part studied the basic natural conditions of Luoyang area and discussed the influence of natural conditions on agriculture and irrigation and water conservancy construction.The complex natural conditions in Luoyang have both advantages and disadvantages to the construction of irrigation and water conservancy.Rich river resources suitable for the construction of water storage projects,artesian irrigation areas;Some areas are rich in water but difficult to use;There are many sloping farmland which is easy to soil erosion,so the task of soil erosion control is heavy.The second part expounds the severe situation and outstanding problems of the irrigation and water conservancy in Luoyang at the beginning of the founding of new China.In the early days of the People’s Republic of China,the agricultural capacity of Luoyang was very low and most of the farmland was not irrigated effectively.Therefore,the weak farmland water conservancy foundation was in urgent need of large-scale farmland water conservancy construction to improve the agricultural benefits.The third part has carried on the research to the luoyang area farmland water conservancy construction organization management situation.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,a perfect leading organization of irrigation and water conservancy was established in Luoyang,which guaranteed the construction of irrigation and water conservancy.Luoyang area insists to make water conservancy plan,make the construction of farmland water conservancy according to the plan have rules to follow.Vigorously rely on the power of the masses to carry out construction,actively promote the private public water conservancy projects,due to the general participation of the masses so that the construction of irrigation and water conservancy quickly advanced.The investment of irrigation and water conservancy funds is a combination of government appropriation and self-financing by the masses.The overall increase of irrigation and water conservancy funds in recent decades has effectively promoted the construction of irrigation and water conservancy.The fourth part studies the course of farmland water conservancy construction in Luoyang area from 1950 to 1979 in six stages,which are related to the historical background and construction characteristics at that time.The first stage: the period of water conservancy restoration and small-scale construction(1950-1954);Phase II:The initial stage of large-scale construction(1955-1957);The third stage: the period of the Great Leap Forward(1958-1960);The fourth stage: the period of steady improvement of project efficiency and quality(1961-1965);The fifth stage: the period of cultural Revolution(1966-1976);The sixth stage: the period of consolidating and improving the existing project benefits(1977-1979).The history of major irrigation and water conservancy construction in these six stages and the construction measures in each stage are generally studied.The fifth part discusses the achievements of irrigation and water conservancy construction.This paper studies the effect of several important irrigation and water conservancy projects,such as artesian irrigation area project,soil and waterconservation project,reservoir project,agricultural well project and irrigation station project.Gravity irrigation area of the development of a significant increase in the irrigation area,water loss and soil erosion control,engineering control a large amount of farmland soil and water loss,construction of reservoir has played an important role in reservoir flood control,Electromechanical Well greatly increased the role of farmland water conservancy insurance,power irrigation pumping station on agriculture especially mountain hilly area played an important role in agricultural irrigation.The positive influence of irrigation and water conservancy construction was studied.After 30 years of irrigation and water conservancy construction,the agricultural irrigation area in Luoyang increased significantly,which effectively promoted the increase of grain yield.Improved the basic conditions of a large number of farmland so that the farmland’s own fertility greatly increased;The effect of natural disaster on agriculture was reduced effectively,and the insurance of water conservancy increased greatly.The sixth part summarizes some experiences and deficiencies in irrigation and water conservancy construction,such as the construction that can adapt to local conditions according to specific natural conditions,the emphasis on the combination of different projects to improve the overall efficiency,the emphasis on the use of science and technology for construction,and the emphasis on the survey and design of water conservancy projects.Some deficiencies include low degree of farmland irrigation,large difference between the actual benefit and the design benefit of a large number of projects,lack of management of some completed projects,small number of large and medium-sized reservoirs,prominent quality problems of reservoirs,and the oversize of water conservancy projects in some periods.There are many reasons for some deficiencies in the construction of irrigation and water conservancy,mainly the limitations of natural conditions and some human errors in the work. |
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