| Qinghai province is one of the main gathering places of ethnic minorities in China.The eastern mountainous area is always dry,while the southern pastoral area is always cold,and the ecological system is extremely unstable.Harsh geographical conditions,frequent natural disasters,lagging infrastructure construction,and backward environmental pollution control have led to a backward overall social level,a single industry dominated by animal husbandry,difficulty in raising economic income,and obvious regional poverty.Sustainable livelihood theory provides a new development direction for the areas with serious ecological damage and low living standard.In this paper,the sustainable livelihood theory is combined,the domestic and foreign research progress data are consulted,the sustainable livelihood theory is determined as the framework for participatory research,the livelihood capital of herdsmen is empirically analyzed,and the correlation between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy is studied.Taking Qinghai province as an example,the paper selects Huangnan,Haibei,Yushu and Guoluo Tibetan autonomous prefecture as the research area and conducts household surveys.Based on the methods of questionnaire and data statistics,the qualitative and quantitative evaluation household livelihood capital of Qinghai province,on this basis,the household in Qinghai province can be divided into pure animal husbandry type and multiple occupations type household,using the descriptive analysis and empirical analysis method of combining the logistics model,studied the household livelihood,the relationship between capital and livelihoods strategy,and then put forward countermeasures and suggestions in view of the problem.The research found that :(1)The current status of livelihood capital owned by pastoral households in Qinghai province is: physical capital > social capital > natural capital > human capital > financial capital,among which human capital and financial capital are the short slab of livelihood capital of pastoral households.The shortage of physical capital lies in the distance from the nearest township highway,the shortage of social capital lies in the herdsmen’s participation in cooperatives,the shortage of natural capital lies in the quality of grassland,the shortage of human capital lies in the number of adult labor force in families,and the shortage of financial capital lies in the amount of cash savings of herdsmen.In general,the five living capital stock of Qinghai province is not high,the living capital is not ideal.(2)through the analysis of the types of income,household can be divided into pure animal husbandry type and multiple occupations type,descriptive statistical analysis results showed that the pure animal husbandry type household home has a large grassland area,relatively pure household grazing type,multiple occupations type household adult higher labor by fixed number of year of the education,the number of livestock,housing area is large,annual household income and saving more,and has a rich network resource.On the whole,the pure animal husbandry have a narrow living range,low income and poor life,while the multiple occupations type household have many types of livelihood activities and a wide range of fields,which are easy to spread livelihood risks.Moreover,their income is relatively large and their life is relatively rich.(3)The logistics econometric model shows that there is a significant index in manpower,material and social capital.Namely,the education level of the adult labor force in the family,the distance to the nearest village-level highway,and the number of relatives and friends are the key influencing factors for the herdsmen to choose livelihood strategies.Herdsmen with abundant human capital,material capital and social capital are more willing to choose part-time livelihood strategy,while herdsmen with abundant financial capital and natural capital are more inclined to choose pure pastoral livelihood strategy.Finally,according to the research conclusion,the author puts forward the countermeasures to promote the livelihood optimization and sustainable development of herdsmen from the aspects of livelihood capital and livelihood strategies :Increasing investment in education to improve the quality of the workforce;Building the whole financial service system and increasing the financial capital stock;Improving infrastructure and strengthening communication between herdsmen and the outside world;Adjusting living strategy flexibly and expanding channels for increasing income of herdsmen. |
