Effects Of Glutamine On Growth And Development,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Antioxidant Capacity And Intestinal Microflora Of Cold-Stressed Chicks

This paper studies the effects of glutamine on the growth and development,serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity and intestinal microflora of cold-stressed chicks.A total of 192 healthy white-feather broilers at the age of 1 day were randomly divided into 4 groups(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ).Each group consisted of 4 replicates and 12 replicates each.Group I was a control group and fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet.Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ added 1.0%,1.5%,and 2.0%Gln to the basal diet,respectively.The temperature of the chicken house is maintained at 25±2℃,and the test period of 14 days(1-14 days old).Sampling and related indicators were determined according to the test design.The test results are as follows:1.Effects of glutamine on growth and development of cold-stressed chicksCompared with group I,ADFI and ADG in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were significantly increased at 1 to 7 days of age(P<0.05);ADG was significantly increased in groups ofⅢ and Ⅳ at 8 to 14 days of age(P<0.05)F/G in group Ⅲ decreased significantly(P<0.05);ADG significantly increased in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ at the age of 1 to 14 days(P<0.05),and F/G in group Ⅲ decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with group I,at 7 days of age,the bursal index and total weight of small intestine in group II were significantly increased(P<0.05);the bursal index and duodenal weight index in groupⅢ were significantly increased(P<0.05);the bursal index,total length of small intestine and ileum length index in group Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05);at 14 days of age,the small intestine length index,jejunum length index,ileum length index,and ileum weight index in group Ⅲ were significantly increased(P<0.05);the thymus index,bursal index and total length and weight of small intestine in group Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05).2.Effects of glutamine on serum biochemical indexes of cold-stressed chicksCompared with group Ⅰ,at 7 days of age,the serum LDH activity and GLU and UA content in group Ⅱ were significantly reduced(P<0.05);the serum LDH activity and UA content were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.05);the serum Ca2+content in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05);at 14 days of age,the serum P3+,UA content,and AST activity in group Ⅱ were significantly reduced(P<0.05);the serum K+and UA content in group Ⅲ were significantly reduced(P<0.05);the serum K+,P3+,ALB,GLB contents and LDH activity in group Ⅳ were significantly reduced(P<0.05).3.Effects of glutamine on oxidation and antioxidant capacity of cold-stressed chicksCompared with group Ⅰ,at 7 days of age,the serum and jejunal CAT and GSH-Px activity and duodenal GSH-Px activity were significantly increased in group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the ileal CAT and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased in group III(P<0.05);jejunum GSH-Px,T-AOC activity was significantly increased in group IV(P<0.05),and serum MDA content was significantly reduced(P<0.05);at 14 days of age,the jejunum CAT and SOD activity was significantly increased in group Ⅱ(P<0.05),and the serum MDA content was significantly reduced(P<0.05);the CAT activity of jejunum and ileum,and the GSH-Px activity of serum and jejunum were significantly increased in group Ⅲ(P<0.05);the jejunal GSH-Px activity in group Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05).4.Effects of glutamine on intestinal morphology and microflora of cold-stressed chicksCompared with group I,at 7 days of age,ileum VL in group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05);duodenal CD in group Ⅲ decreased significantly(P<0.05),and jejunum VL/CD ratio increased significantly(P<0.05);duodenum and jejunum CD in group Ⅳ were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the duodenal VL/CD ratio was significantly increased(P<0.05);at 14 days of age,jejunum CD in group II was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the jejunum VL/CD ratio was significantly increased(P<0.05);duodenal VL was significantly increased in group Ⅲ(P<0.05);duodenal VL/CD ratio was significantly increased in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).At 7 days of age,the cecal content flora in each group was similar,but the number of unique OUTs in group Ⅱ was higher,and the diversity of the flora was higher;conpared with group I,the contents of Gemmiger and Subdoligranulum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ were significantly reduced(P<0.05);the content of Faecalibacterium in group Ⅱ was significantly increased(P<0.05);the content of Blautia in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05).At 14 days of age,the cecal contents of the bacteria in each group were similar,but the number of unique OUTs in group Ⅱ was higher,and the diversity of bacteria was higher;compared with group Ⅰ,the content of Ruminococcus in group Ⅱwas significantly increased(P<0.05);Faecalibacterium content in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The above-mentioned detection indexes discussed the protective effect of exogenous glutamine on cold-stress chicks from the aspects of growth and development,serum biochemical indicators,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology and microflora,and revealed that exogenous glutamine can in order to resist the damage caused by cold stress to chicks and play a protective role.Glutamine can be used as an anti-cold stress additive in broiler production.