| The experiment is designed to explore the effects of adding different level dietary supplementation of Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS) and separately adding Fructo-oligosaccharides, Non-starch polysaccharides enzymes (xylanase and β-mannanase) and Bacillus subtilis on production performance, serum biochemical index, intestinal microflora and morphology of GuangXi three-yellow chicken, in order to provide a theoretical basis for these kinds of additives in diet of three yellow chicken.Experiment one explored the effects of adding different level dietary supplementation of FOS on Production performance and Serum biochemical index of GuangXi three-yellow chicken.1500GuangXi three-yellow chicken(1d, hen), were selected and randomly divided into5groups, with each group of3repeats. The dietary supplementations in each group were0%(control group),0.2%FOS,0.4%FOS,0.6%FOS and Antibiotics (3mg/kg Maduramicin) within56days feeding experiment. The results showed that:(1) FOS and antibiotics are to a certain extent improve the production performance of three yellow chicken. Compared with the control group, body mass index of each group increased at56d. Among them,0.4%and0.6%FOS groups had significant difference (P〈0.05). Group0.6%FOS can increase the average daily intake (ADFI),0.2%and0.4%FOS groups can reduce the ratio of Feed intake/weight gain (F/G)(P〈0.05). Group FOS and antibiotics may reduce mortality (DR).(2) Adding FOS had no significant effect on Slaughter Performance of GuangXi three-yellow chicken at56d(P>0.05). Compared with control group, each group can improve the breast muscle ratio and reduce abdominal fat rate (P<0.05).(3) Compared with control group, FOS can increase the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(P〈0.01), decrease the total cholesterol(T-Cho), and increase activity of glutathione(GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)(P〈0.05).(4) Compared with the control group,0.4%and0.6%FOS groups can improve metabolic rates of dietary crude protein(CP) up to9.0%and13.6%(P〈0.05),0.2%and0.4%FOS groups can reduce the ratio of F/G(P<0.05), and0.4%and0.6%FOS groups can improve the metabolic rates of dietary crude fiber(CF) of17.6%and30.1%(P<0.05); compared with the control group, each group can improve the metabolic rate of Ca and P, especially highest in0.4%FOS group, respectively increased by12.5%and18.9%(P<0.05), compared with the control group. All things considered, it is recommended to add0.4%FOS to diets of GuangXi three-yellow chicken.Experiment two is designed to explore the effect of different additives and their combination on Guangxi three-yellow chicken production performance and serum biochemical indices.2400GuangXi three-yellow chicken(1d, hen) were selected and randomly divided into8groups by the design of2×2×2, with each group of3repeat. The dietary supplementations in each group were0%(I, control group), group Ⅱ-Ⅷ were separately supplemented0.4%FOS,0.5g/kg Bacillus subtilis, NSP enzyme,0.4%FOS+0.5g/kg Bacillus subtilis,0.4%FOS+500g/t NSP enzyme,500g/t NSP enzyme+0.5g/kg Bacillus subtilis, and0.4%FOS+500g/t NSP enzyme+500g/t Bacillus subtilis, within56days feeding test. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group, each group were to some extent to improve Guangxi three yellow chicken weight, especially highest in group Ⅷ, whose weight increased12.9%and11%at28d and56d (P〈0.05), and ADFI increased in Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ and Ⅷ groups(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, each group can reduce the F/G except group Ⅲ, which showed significant difference in group Ⅱ (P〈0.05), and extremely significant difference in Ⅳ-Ⅷ groups (P〈0.01).(2)In each group, compared with the control group, serum TP levels show a rising trend, particularly significant difference in group Ⅴ (P<0.05); while serum T-Cho content decreased, in which the Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, and Ⅷ groups had significant difference (P<0.05), but the Ⅱ, Ⅴ, and VI groups showed significant differences compared with the Ⅲ and IV groups; Serum ALP content increased in each group except group Ⅳ (P<0.01), but the Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅷ groups increased the serum levels of GSH and SOD compared with the control group (P<0.05).(3) Each experimental group can improve the metabolic rate of CP in feed(P<0.05), in which Ⅷ group and V, VI groups still showed significant difference respectively compared with the Ⅴ, Ⅵ groups and the Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups (P<0.05). Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅶ groups increased the metabolic rate of CF of17.5%,30.1%and22.7%respectively, compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition to group V, each experimental group can increase the metabolic rate of Ca and P, especially highest in group Ⅷ, which increased18.1%and23.9%respectively, compared with the control group, besides group showed Ⅷ significant difference compared Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅵ groups(P<0.05).Experiment three is designed to explore the effects of different additives on intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology of GuangXi three-yellow chicken. From Experiment2,I(control group), Ⅱ(group0.4%FOS), Ⅲ(0.5g/kg Bacillus subtilis), Ⅳ(0.5g/kg NSP enzyme), Ⅷ (0.4%FOS+0.5g/kg NSP enzyme+0.5g/kg Bacillus subtilis)5groups, were selected to detect the microflora in cecum by selective mediums, and meanwhile observe the morphological structure of duodenum and jejunum. Results showed that:(1) Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups decreased by6.2%and4.6%(P<0.05), while group Ⅷ was decreased by10.1%(P<0.01); the number of Salmonella in Ⅱ and Ⅷ groups were lower at13%and15.9%than the control group (P<0.05); the number of lactic acid bacteria in group Ⅷ is higher at6.5%than the control group(P<0.05); compared with the control group, the number of Bifidobacterium in each treatment group increased respectively by13.6%,7.2%,8.8%and17.2%(P〈0.05), in which group Ⅷ showed significant differences,compared with Ⅲ and IV groups (P<0.05);(2) The height of duodenal villous and V/C ratio in each experimental group were rising, in which II, IV and VIII groups increased by10.2%,11.5%and12.3%(P〈0.05); compared with the control group, V/C ratio of each group increased to7.7%,6.4%,9.9%and8.6%respectively(P<0.05); the thickness of intestinal wall in II, IV and VIII groups was lower than the control group respectively at14.6%,24.9%and27.1%(P<0.05);(3) The height of jejunal villi in each test group tended to increase, the III, IV, and VIII groups had significant difference to the control group (P<0.05); Compared with control group, V/C ratio of II, III, IV, and VIII groups were increased respectively by5.6%,9.3%,7.4%and18.5%(P<0.05), in which group VIII showed significant difference compared with II, III, and IV group (P〈0.05); the thickness of bowel wall in test group had an increasing trend compared with control group, but this difference was no significant (P>0.05).From experiments two and three, the group VIII (0.4%FOS+0.5g/kgNSP+0.5g/kg enzyme of Bacillus subtilis) on production performance, serum indices, intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology in GuangXi three-yellow chicken showed better improved effect than the others, Therefore, the utilization of the combination of these three green feed additives showed more effective than single or two together. |
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