Effects Of Selenium On Growth Characteristics,Yield And Selenium Content Of Wheat And Triticale

In order to clarify the difference of growth characteristics and Se-rich ability between wheat and triticale,the difference of growth of wheat and triticale between exogenous selenium fertilizer and Se-rich soil was explored,and the theoretical basis for Se-rich wheat production was provided.This experiment was carried out from October 2018 to June 2019 in a pot experiment,using a two-factor random area group design.To determine whether there is selenium in the soil as the main area,three treatments were set up:（natural）selenium-rich soil,（basic）selenium-enriched soil and selenium-free soil.Three varieties of common wheat（W）were set as sub-regions: Zhong Mai 175,Chang Mai 251 and Xin Mai 296.Three triticale（T）varieties: Ji Zi 496,Lin Hei 131,Zi Mai 8555.The differences of selenium enrichment ability between common wheat and triticale and the effects of exogenous selenium supplementation and natural selenium-rich soil on the characteristics of wheat root system,material accumulation and operation,yield and selenium content in grains were studied to provide theoretical basis for the production of selenium-rich wheat.The main results are as follows:（1）The root length,root weight,root volume,average root diameter and root surface area of common wheat and triticale were increased by（natural）Se-enriched soil and（basic）Se-enriched soil,and the effect of Se-enriched soil was higher than that of Se-enriched soil.Under the same soil condition,the root length,root volume and root surface area were the best among the wheat,among the Zhong Mai 175,and among the triticale,among the triticale Ji Zi 496,and the triticale was better than the wheat.The growth rate of root length,root weight,root volume and growth rate of wheat and triticale in selenium-rich soils,cultivars and their interactions reached an extremely significant level.（2）Both（natural）Se-enriched soil and（basic）Se-enriched soil can increase the accumulation of dry matter in jointing,booting,flowering and maturing stages of wheat and triticale,as well as the accumulation of dry matter in various organs in flowering and maturation stages,and increase the accumulation of dry matter in each growth stage and the contribution of pre-flowering dry matter operation to grains,and the effect of（natural）Se-enriched soil is higher than that of（basic）Se-enriched soil.Under the same soil condition,the dry matter accumulation of each organ in the flowering and maturation stages and the dry matter accumulation of each growth stage were the best in the wheat,the Zhong Mai 175,and the triticale Ji Zi 496.The influences of Se-enriched soil,varieties and their interactions on the material accumulation and operation of wheat all reached a significant level.（3）（natural）Se-enriched soil and（basic）Se-enriched soil increased the root-crown ratio of common wheat and triticale in overwintering,flowering and maturing stages,and the se-rich soil in overwintering and flowering stage had the best effect,while the se-rich soil in maturing stage had the best effect.In the same soil condition,the root crown of the mature stage was better than that of the wheat,which Zhong Mai was 9.66%.The best performance of triticale was Ji Zi 496（10.18%）,and triticale was better than wheat.（4）（natural）Se-enriched soil and Se-enriched soil increased the number of ears of wheat by 1.8% and3.7%,the number of grains per ear by 6.8% and 11.3%,the weight of 1000 grains by 5.0% and 10.6%,and the yield by 19.9% and 24.9%,respectively.Under the same soil condition,the yield and its constituent factors of wheat were significantly higher than that of wheat（Zhong Mai 175）and triticale（Ji Zi 496）.（5）Selenium content in wheat grains could be increased by selenium enriched soil and selenium enriched soil.Selenium content in grains of（natural）Se-enriched soil was 214-258 μg·kg^-1 and that of（basic）Se-enriched soil was 211-244 μg·kg^-1.Under the same soil condition,the grain selenium content of wheat was Zhong Mai 175 and 169-234 μg·kg^-1respectively,while that of triticale was Ji Zi 496 and extend175-258 μg·kg^-1.（6）The content of selenium in grains was significantly correlated with the growth of the weight and dry matter of the booting and flowering roots,and with the root-crown ratio at the flowering stage.Selenium content was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with panicle grain number,1000-grain weight and yield,especially closely correlated with 1000-grain weight.Above all,selenium can promote wheat and triticale root growth and the growth period of material accumulation,increase the dry matter of flowers before the transfer and the contribution to the grain,improve spike and grain Numbers per spike and grain yield,selenium-rich ability strong,triticale than ordinary wheat and selenium-rich soil has good performance,but the benchmark selenium fertilizer of soil soil common wheat and triticale grain selenium content of up to 200 μg·kg^-1.The yield and grain selenium content of Zhong Mai 175 and Ji Zi 496 were high,which were suitable for Se-enriched wheat production.