| The outdoor livable environment is emphasized,especially in creating the comfortable outdoor spaces.Also,residents going outside can alleviate the energy consumption of lighting and air conditioning caused by their long-term staying indoors.Therefore,creating a livable outdoor thermal environment has become a hotspot of current researches about human residential environment.The willingness of using the outdoor space is commonly seen be measured by the attendance of specific outdoor spaces that in previous studies.This method can help further analyze the thermal environmental factors that improve residents’ willingness to go to outdoor public space.However,the behavioral response to optimum thermal environment is different for the different age and activity types.In particular,the reported studies are rarely conducted to quantify psychological effects on the willingness of using the outdoor space and different influences on individual thermal sensation and comfort.At the same time,most of studies focus on people with light intensity activities such as sitting or standing,while there are few studies on the influence of moderate and vigorous intensity activities on thermal comfort and how to improve them accordingly.Firstly,this study preliminarily discusses the outdoor usage expectation（OUE）changed with the type of current location,time-spent indoors,and how the OUE influences thermal comfort via online survey in Jiangsu province with hot summer and cold winter climate.Secondly,this study aims to further analyze the influence of different outdoor activity levels on thermal sensation and thermal comfort when people expect to use outdoor space by the terms of thermal environmental measurement and subjects’ questionnaire survey in Shanghai.Then,local thermal and cold stimulation are used to study the physiological and psychological effects on outdoor thermal comfort when people use the outdoor space and improve outdoor thermal discomfort.The dynamic changes of subjects’ skin temperature and metabolic rate,the thermal sensation vote（TSV）,the thermal comfort vote（TCV）,the thermal pleasure vote（TPV）and the thermal indices including physiological equivalent temperature（PET）and universal thermal climate index（UTCI）are investigated for further quantitative analysis.The specific research results are as follows:（1）Variance of current location and the duration of indoor-stay show significant influence on OUE.Citizens have higher expectation of using the outdoor spaces when they currently stay outdoors and feeling satisfied.And the expectation notes an obvious increase along with the growing duration of indoor-stay.Also,the influence of current thermal sensation on outdoor usage expectation is limited and it varies according to locations.（2）The PET serves as a better equivalent temperature for the representative of thermal sensation than the UTCI in Jiangsu and Shanghai.The OUE,metabolic rate and pleasure has an obvious influence on the thermal sensitivity of outdoor thermal environment.People who expect to use the outdoor environment to fast walking and who are calm showed the lower thermal sensitivity than others.（3）In high intensity activities,subjects’ thermal sensation is much higher than moderate and light intensity activities,and even extreme thermal sensation.Meanwhile,subjects’ thermal comfort vote is much lower than moderate and light intensity activities.And the metabolic rate of walking quickly is 5.18 met which higher than the current standard value of ASHRAE 55,and their difference is 36%.（4）Local cold stimulation significantly improves the outdoor thermal comfort in summer,and the local cooling bring about the thermal pleasure lasting about 10 minutes.Although the duration of local thermal stimulation is longer than that of local cold stimulation,the effect of local thermal stimulation is limited.It can only improve the thermal comfort of subjects in extreme cold environment. |
PDF Full Text Request