| In sunny and hot summer season,the outdoor space in hot summer areas often reduces the thermal comfort of crowd activities because of the scorching sun.People want to obtain a "Constant-holistic Shadow"(CHS)space that can be in the shadow continuously throughout the outdoor activities and does not have to migrate with the shadow.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a CHS space suitable for the activity time and space needs.However,in mountainous cities and mountainous urban areas with large terrain undulation in plain areas,the results of CHS show significant temporal and spatial differences with those on flat land,and reflect the special relationship with the construction of shadow and shadow surface conditions of mountainous urban areas.,therefore,must according to the characteristic structure shadow conditions of mountain city,proven and changeable ground related to the urban areas of mountain CHS compose shadow mechanism,and on the basis of the establishment and application to verify the corresponding CHS space design method,in order to work in mountain city building CHS space,improve utilization rate of thermal comfort and summer outdoor activity space.In this paper,based on the outdoor space form and the shading characteristics of sunshine and shadow in mountain urban areas,the spatial-temporal demand of outdoor shadow space utilization and the construction goal of CHS space were analyzed through field research.Sunlight shadow Eoctect software simulation is used to explain the mountain as Cheng Ying ground surface slope,slope direction,slope shape characteristic as well as mountain landscape peculiar structure of the shadow body body space attribute and CHS space shape,size,location,etc.The main correlation of time and space,to reveal CHS mountain city space structure of shadow mechanism;Based on the correlation between the characteristics of mountain shadow surface and the spatial and temporal properties of CHS space and the basic design method of CHS space,the CHS space design method was established for the outdoor space characteristics of mountain city,and the applicability and effectiveness of the design method were verified by the application of an example.Thus,it provides scientific design basis and effective methods for the construction of outdoor CHS space in mountainous urban areas in hot summer,and constitutes a beneficial supplement to the design principles and methods of outdoor public space.The main understandings and conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.The outdoor space of mountain urban area has the characteristics of spatial fragmentation and spatial multi-dimension,and reflects the sunshine and shadow characteristics of outdoor space of mountain urban area;Based on the analysis of the utilization status of sunshine and shadow space in mountainous urban areas in summer and the characteristics of crowd activity types,it is necessary to strengthen the adaptability of crowd activity space demand and target site,and establish the goal of CHS space construction characterized by topographic space form.2.The influence of terrain undulation and obvious height difference on the spatial and temporal properties of CHS is mainly reflected in the spatial properties of slope,aspect and slope form,and the influence is significant;Under certain conditions,the landscape body with large height difference and volume on the shadow surface can become a construction body,participating in the construction of CHS space.3.The simulation and analysis results of the CHS of typical structures related to the slope of the shadow plane show that the spatial form of CHS is correlated with the slope of the azimuth,suggesting that the slope has significant influence on the size,shape and position of the space of CHS under different slope conditions;Cheng Ying ground slope to the typical structure of the shadow body CHS into a shadow simulation and analysis results show that the slope to the difference of different slope direction is relevant: CHS space when the slope to the east is go to the case of CHS space changes the size of the effect is significant,largest and the smallest CHS period of time.In the construction of CHS space in mountainous urban areas,the correlation of different slope directions on CHS space should be considered,so as to construct CHS space in line with the use of the target site.The correlation between slope morphology and the spatial and temporal properties of CHS of mountain surface is mainly reflected in platform height,platform morphology,and the position relationship between the structure and the platform,with a certain correlation effect.In the construction of CHS space,moderate micro-transformation of the terrain can be carried out to create a target site in line with site requirements.4.On the basis of the general CHS space design method,the spatial design of mountainous urban areas should follow the principles of full utilization of terrain,moderate micro-transformation of terrain,and full and effective utilization of landscape body,and analyze the characteristics of crowd activity shadow demand,terrain utilization and framing conditions,etc.It is divided into three stages: planning and design,architecture and landscape scheme design,and architecture and landscape detailed design.The construction objectives of CHS space in different stages are established and corresponding design methods are adopted.In the planning and design stage,the design of CHS space focuses on the analysis,utilization and topographic elements in the site that are conducive to the construction of CHS space,and the layout of the terrain and structure should be adjusted appropriately when necessary,laying a foundation for the further design in the subsequent program stage.In the architectural and landscape design stage,the design of CHS space can change the height of the platform retaining wall,adjust the position relationship between the structure and the retaining wall,and use the feasible landscape structure.In the detailed design stage of architecture and landscape,the design of CHS space should be fine-tuned platform form and appropriate micro-transformation of terrain5.Outdoor activity space of Ningde of Fujian province a secondary to an instance of the application,the application of mountain city CHS space design method shows that by changing the relationship between architecture and space,the landscape adjustment scale and form,adjust the platform form and scale,can be constructed for target CHS space requirements of the space;The application of CHS space design method in mountainous urban area is effective and the overall inspection results are good. |
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