| In summer hot areas,strong solar radiation,high temperature and long duration of sunshine greatly affect the thermal comfort of outdoor space,which is an important place for people’s leisure activities,and its thermal comfort is particularly important.The outdoor space of large tourist areas is a place for people to travel and relax in high frequency and for a long period of time.Due to the large proportion of time and space for tourists to visit outdoors and the more opportunities for sun exposure in summer,it should provide more comprehensive and sufficient shadow space for tourists to do outdoor activities.It is an important and effective way to systematically construct the outdoor "Constant-holistic Shadow" space system in large-scale tourist areas.In this way,it can effectively improve the thermal comfort of outdoor space environment and enhance the quality of tour experience.This paper takes the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space of large-scale tourist areas as the research object,analyzes the current situation and problems of large-scale tourist areas through literature research and investigation,and expounds the necessity of constructing the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space systematically.By clarifying the activity characteristics of tourists in large-scale tourist areas and the temporal and spatial characteristics of their demand for shadow space,this paper clarifies the influence mechanism of the spatial systematization of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,and establishes the objectives and principles of the spatial systematization of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space in large-scale tourist areas.Then,based on the influence mechanism,a systematic construction and design method of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space was established,and the construction principle and design method were verified by an example application.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.Through literature analysis and investigation and analysis of the current situation and existing problems of outdoor space in large-scale tourist areas,it can be seen that there are problems such as insufficient effective outdoor shadow space,mismatch between spatio-temporal attributes of shadow space and tourists’ behavior,and lack of sufficient continuity in outdoor space in large-scale tourist areas.The types of tourists in large tourist areas and their summer activities have various characteristics.For example,children are fond of exploring and choose outdoor activities covered by shadow space.Teenagers are active and choose forest areas and tourist areas with shadow areas for activities and rest.Adults choose outdoor Spaces with high comfort level and shadow coverage for conversation,rest and fitness.The elderly choose small regional places with strong privacy and Shadowed space to chat and play chess.The main types of tourists’ outdoor activities include sightseeing,communication and rest.The shadow space in large tourist areas has the characteristics of temporal and spatial differences in terms of length,quality and scale.2,for the above outdoor tourists activities of shadow spatial and temporal and spatial differentiation of overall demand requirements,during the daytime open in all paths between space tourists to scenic spots,spots,period of time sequence and comprehensive construction and the scenic spots in space and the path each time corresponding to the scale of tourists in the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space system,is necessary and feasible.3.The spatial systematization of "Constant-holistic Shadow" in large tourist areas is mainly affected by three factors: the proportion of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space in the whole area,the adaptability of the demand of "permanent shadow" space in the local area,and the richness of "Constant-holistic Shadoww" space in the path type.4.The simulation,analysis and summary of relevant shadow software show that,in addition to the general construction mechanism of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,the spatial systematization of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space in large tourist areas mainly adopts the above three influencing factors to construct and fill the shadow.The relevant mechanism is as follows:(1)The whole area needs the "Constant-holistic Shadow" faceted activity places and small scale point-shaped observation spots.The more the number and total area proportion of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space that meets the demand at all times of the day,the easier it will be to become systematic.(2)The local area needs a "Constant-holistic Shadow" surface activity place.The "Constant-holistic Shadow" local space formed in each time period shall meet the requirements of the full coverage of the daytime period and the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space of each time period,and the demand of the constant total shadow space can be met in the constant total shadow period required by tourists.(3)For attractions or linear observation line between "Constant-holistic Shadow" requirements,if a point(surface)of point(surface)path,can provide "Constant-holistic Shadow" is rich in the whole period and the period of fabric,can demand in each period of time to be able to separate or combined into a suitable for viewing point(surface)of point(surface)"Constant-holistic Shadow" path,is needed for systematic form "Constant-holistic Shadow" space.5.According to the heart of large tourist activities demand characteristics and "Constant-holistic Shadow" systematic space structure shadow mechanism,puts forward comprehensive satisfy tourists’ need of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,the rationality of the system fit the visitors view space in each period,"Constant-holistic Shadow" space systematic and consistent with the observation space requirements during three build targets;It establishes four principles of matching with the spatiotemporal attributes of tourist activities,systematization,reasonable substitution and moderate compound.6.The systematic construction of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space should be designed in an orderly manner according to the characteristics of relevant planning and design stages,in combination with the spatial and temporal needs of the above-mentioned tourist activities and the goals and principles of the systematic construction of "Constant-holistic Shadow" space in large-scale tourist areas.The main design methods of each stage are as follows:(1)In the planning and design stage,the systematic construction of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space can be carried out in three stages: urban master planning,controlling detailed planning and construction detailed planning.In the urban master planning stage,different functional areas of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space to create different ways,the road should avoid east to west,as far as possible to adopt the north-south road;In the stage of controlled detailed planning,the building shape should be linear as far as possible,and the local "Constant-holistic Shadow" space needs should be met through the concave and convex of the building.The building height should be increased as far as possible and the floor area ratio should be maximized.In the aspect of detailed planning for construction,the enclosed center layout is preferred.Different needs can be met by adjusting the enclosure degree and building form.Plants are set in groups,double rows or three rows on both sides.Rock mass,boulder and other landscape objects should also participate in the construction as the construction body.(2)In the stage of architecture and landscape design,the systematic construction of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space can be designed from three aspects: the whole "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,the local "Constant-holistic Shadow" space and the path "Constant-holistic Shadow" space.In the aspect of the overall "Constant-holistic Shadow" space design,the buildings should be distributed to form a enclosed layout,increase the length of the north-south direction,and improve the height of the building on the east and west sides.The plane adopts square conformal shape and arc shape to meet the different needs of tourists by changing the plane shape.Tall trees with large crowns should be selected for plants,and the height under branches should be greater than 3 meters.Patchwork or linear group planting layout should be adopted.The structure is round or square and combined with plants.In terms of the design of local "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,it is advisable to arrange as many buildings as possible near the local "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,and select the buildings with thin and long body and focus on the east and west sides.Plants should be combined with different types of plants.The height of branches should be greater than 3 meters,and the diameter of tree crown should be greater than 6 meters.The linear and group layout can meet the needs.The structure adopts tensioned membrane,sunshade and other large sunshade to produce a wider range of "constant full shadow" space.In the aspect of path type "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,the building adopts small volume dispersed layout to form atrium or lane space,and the building should be arranged in a north-south direction to form a north-south road.The building can adapt to the path demand by adding components,changing the form and increasing the height.Large trees were selected for plants,with double rows on both sides and three rows on both sides.Covered corridors and linear sunshade are selected for the structure to produce linear "Constant-holistic Shadow" space,and the structure is often combined with plants.7.A design example of the systematic construction of the "Constant-holistic Shadow" space in a large tourist area shows that the above analysis method is feasible and effective to be applied in the concrete design practice.Through the application research,the optimization can be found and the analysis method has been optimized. |
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