Research On The Evaluation Of Emergency Shelter Signs Based On Eye Movement Signals

With the accelerating process of urbanization,in order to effectively improve the accessibility of urban emergency shelters and reduce the untimely evacuation in the event of earthquakes and other emergencies,many scholars have made qualitative analysis on the effectiveness of emergency shelter signs,but there are few quantitative studies on them.In this study,the wearable eye tracker is applied to the wayfinding experiment of emergency refuge for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of emergency shelter signs.From March to June 2021,taking the area near the Yuandadu City Wall Ruins Park in Beijing as the space object,using eye tracking technology,combined with questionnaire survey and interview,a total of 18 subjects were measured.Using eye tracking technology,combined with questionnaire survey and interview,we explored the wayfinding characteristics of testers and the accessibility of emergency shelters,analyzed the concerns of testers in the wayfinding process,and then evaluated and studied the emergency signs.The results are as follows:(1)There were significant effects of gender and education on experimental wayfinding efficiency and the factors affecting experimental wayfinding efficiency.Male subjects and subjects with higher education level were more efficient in the wayfinding process.(2)Through the questionnaire survey,In the simulated pre evacuation stage and evacuation stage,there are differences in psychological and behavioral characteristics between different gender subjects: in the pre evacuation stage,women are more likely to show panic and worry;in the evacuation stage,there are three phenomena: altruistic behavior,herd behavior and independent judgment behavior.(3)Through the experiment,the most important factor affecting the search efficiency is the number of electronic navigation,followed by the total duration of gazing at the electronic navigation and the number of phone rotations,and the number of folding back behaviors had the least effect on the finding efficiency.(4)In the tested area,the accessibility of the emergency shelter on the west side of the starting point is relatively higher.The possible reasons are:(1)there are indicative emergency signs in the direction of the road on the west side of the starting point;(2)When subjects start to use electronic navigation query at the starting point,compared with other directions,choosing the west side may be the result of subjective selection;(3)At the same time,when some subjects start to query at a non starting point,they are closer to the emergency shelter on the west side of the starting point,resulting in a relatively higher accessibility when they finally reach the entrance of the emergency shelter.(5)The subjects paid more attention to the electronic navigation area or the distant space(road end space)at the key nodes without emergency signs,they paid more attention to the signs at the places with emergency signs.(6)By establishing the mathematical model between eye movement data and the effectiveness score of emergency shelter signs,the effectiveness of the results is 73.8%,which can effectively explain the impact of quantitative eye movement data on the results of qualitative questionnaire survey,and has reference significance.