Research On The Measurement Of Public Welfare And Subsidy Mechanism Of Public Welfare Railway

China’s railway enterprises have undertaken the construction,operation and maintenance of public welfare railways for a long time,and bear operating losses caused by this.At present,the government has not clearly defined public welfare railways,the subsidies for public welfare railways have not been fully implemented,which hinders the sustainable development of public welfare railways.With the deepening of railway reform,railway enterprises have gradually become market operators that operate independently and take responsibility for their own profits and losses,so the government should subsidize the losses of public welfare railway to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of public welfare railways.Taking public welfare railways as the research object,this thesis identifies the public welfare railway firstly,and then studies the measurement of public welfare and public welfare railway subsidy calculation,and finally the public welfare railway subsidy mechanism is preliminarily designed.The identification of public welfare railways is the prerequisite of measuring the strength of public welfare and formulating subsidy mechanisms.This thesis puts forward the identification standards and procedures of public welfare railways from the perspective of both qualitative and quantitative identification,and defines the definition of public welfare railways.The measurement of public welfare is the foundation of public welfare railway subsidies.This thesis analyzes the quasi-public product property of public welfare railways,and clarifies that it has both operational and public welfare properties.Then the commonweal measurement function is constructed by introducing antithesis theory,and its practicality is proved with an example.The calculation of subsidies is the key to public welfare railway subsidies.This thesis defines the intension of public welfare railway subsidies,and proposes three kinds of subsidy calculating methods,which are the subsidy calculating method based on break-even,the subsidy calculating method based on the strength of public welfare,and the subsidy calculating method based on the maximization of total social welfare.The calculation of subsidy based on break-even is a subsidy method for total losses,which is applicable to the public welfare railways with strong public welfare strength.Subsidy calculating based on the strength of public welfare is an extension of the former method,which takes the strength of public welfare as the proportion of subsidy that the government should bear,and is applicable to the railway with a slightly weaker nature of public welfare.Instead of calculating the subsidy on the basis of losses,the last method is to obtain the optimal marginal subsidy based on railway transportation turnover by constructing the social welfare function with the goal of maximizing the total social welfare.