| In 2020,the COVID-19 revealed that cities with different resilience levels exhibit very different crisis resilience in response to uncertain risks.Communities are the basic units that serve as the basic units of cities in China and play a critical role in the risk response and recovery.And the old communities are the most vulnerable part of the community,which determines the average level of community disaster prevention and mitigation,thus affecting the city’s resilience.Therefore,enhancing community resilience facilitates communities to plan before disasters,absorb and recover during disasters,and adapt after disasters,thus minimizing cities’ negative impacts.The current domestic community resilience assessment does not distinguish old communities as an independent evaluation object from general communities.This study aims to develop an easy-to-operate,iterative resilience evaluation toolkit for the old communities and establish a baseline to measure old communities’ resilience level.Firstly,it examines the existing mature resilience assessment methods worldwide,especially the community-level assessment methods,and summarizes the three dimensions of community resilience assessment(physical environmental resilience,social,environmental resilience,and individual consciousness resilience).Secondly,the old communities are divided into three categories according to their historical development stages(the Street Committee System old communities,the Danwei System old communities,and the Community System old communities),whose vulnerability status and characteristics are analyzed under the three dimensions.Besides,the unstructured data of the Qiaokou District message-board is analyzed by text mining to extract public issues in old communities,which condense the final indicators from the total set of assessment indicators(literature review).Thirdly,to simplify the reality,the research modifies the UNDRR risk classification according to the Wuhan data(risks classified as "moderate risk","severe risk" and "very severe risk" according to the magnitude of the risk)to propose a risk hypothesis.The resilience assessment toolkit of old communities was developed using a questionnaire and resilience scorecards.The former is used to determine the weights of the first-level dimensional criterion and the sub-indicators.The latter is used to measure individual sub-indicators resilience.Then,illustrating the quantitative and non-quantitative indicators,this toolkit was applied to 10 samples in Qiaokou District.Finally,the evaluation results are equivalent to a "resilience diagnostic sheet",which can be used to make a crosssectional and longitudinal comparison between the internal and external aspects of old communities so as to guide the implementation of resilience planning in old communities. |
